Wind energy and its environmental impact

Wind energy utilization and its environmental impacts are discussed in a historical perspective. Development of wind energy systems, their current status and future trends are studied in comparison with the conventional energy systems including fossil fuel, nuclear and hydro power. Although wind energy is diffuse and intermittent in nature, recently wind power systems have become very attractive to many utilities because of their pollution-free operation, low installation, operation and maintenance costs, comparable cost of unit energy production with that of other conventional energy systems and low direct impact on human life. It is estimated that the wind will be a leading renewable-energy source within a few decades.