Voltage-mode PID controller design employing canonical number of active and passive elements

This paper originality is put forward a second-generation voltage conveyor (VCII) based voltage-mode PID controller. The proposed circuit includes a single VCII-, two capacitors, two resistors, and no need any passive component matching conditions. The sensitivity has been investigated for the control parameters. Besides, the impacts on operating frequency ranges of the parasitic impedances have been examined. Simulation outcomes have been obtained by operating TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology parameters with power supply ± 0.9 V. Additionally, a closed-loop control system application is included to demonstrate the circuit’s functioning. An experimental study is given to confirm the time-domain performance of the proposed circuit by using commercially available integrated circuits.