Volcanic eruption eye-witnessed and recorded by prehistoric humans

İnan Ulusoy; M. Akif Sarıkaya; Axel K. Schmitt; Erdal Şen; Martin Danišík; Erdal Gümüş

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.030

Volcanic eruption eye-witnessed and recorded by prehistoric humans

İnan Ulusoy^*
, M. Akif Sarıkaya
, Axel K. Schmitt
, Erdal Şen
, Martin Danišík
, Erdal Gümüş

^*Bu çalışma için yazışmadan sorumlu yazar

Avrasya Yer Bilimleri Enstitüsü

Araştırma sonucu: Dergiye katkı › Makale › bilirkişi

29 Atıf (Scopus)

Özet

Human footprints in hydrovolcanic ash near Çakallar volcano (Kula, Western Turkey) were discovered in 1968. A nearby pictograph interpreted as depicting Çakallar volcano would define it as the oldest site where humans demonstrably eye-witnessed a volca̶nic eruption and possibly artistically recorded it. Despite Çakallar's volcanological and cultural importance, its eruption age has remained controversial. Here, two independent dating methods, cosmogenic ³⁶Cl and combined U-Pb and (U-Th)/He zircon (ZDD) geochronology, yielded the first internally consistent eruption ages controlled by detailed volcanostratigraphic mapping. Concordant ³⁶Cl ages of 4.7 ± 0.6 ka (errors 1σ) were obtained for a cone-breaching lava flow. ZDD ages for crustal xenoliths from scoria deposits directly overlying the footprints yielded an age of 4.7 ± 0.7 ka. This firmly places the Çakallar eruption and prehistoric human footprints, and plausibly the rock art, into the Bronze Age, reinforcing the notion that prehistoric artwork recorded natural events.

Orijinal dil	İngilizce
Sayfa (başlangıç-bitiş)	187-198
Sayfa sayısı	12
Dergi	Quaternary Science Reviews
Hacim	212
DOI'lar	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.030
Yayın durumu	Yayınlandı - 15 May 2019

Bibliyografik not

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Finansman

Authors acknowledge L. Akın for her help in zircon separation. We would like to thank E. Çubukçu for his constructive remarks and contribution to the fieldwork. We thank E. Aydın who was involved in 3D modelling of the footprint. Kula Geopark personnel Y. Karakuzu and A. Karataş are thanked for their contribution to fieldwork. R. Hetzel kindly provided a sand sample for detrital zircon extraction. An anonymous reviewer and S. Niedermann are thanked for their valuable reviews, and Janet C. Harvey and A.M.C. Şengör for their comments on an earlier version. Authors thank C. May and C. Scadding for solution ICP-MS analyses, and I. Dunkl for sharing PepiFLEX software for ICP-MS data reduction. M.D. was supported by the AuScope NCRIS2 program , Australian Scientific Instruments Pty Ltd ., Australian Research Council (ARC)Discovery funding scheme ( DP160102427 ) and Curtin Research Fellowship . Surface exposure dating of basalt samples was funded by Hacettepe University , Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit , Project no: FDS-2016-9590 . The ion microprobe facility at UCLA is partly supported by a grant from the Instrumentation and Facilities Program , Division of Earth Sciences , National Science Foundation . The HIP facility at Heidelberg University is operated under the auspices of the DFG Scientific Instrumentation and Information Technology program .

Finansörler	Finansör numarası
Australian Scientific Instruments Pty Ltd
National Science Foundation
Division of Earth Sciences
University of California, Los Angeles
Australian Research Council	DP160102427
Hacettepe Üniversitesi	FDS-2016-9590

Belgeye Erişim

10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.030

Diğer Dosyalar ve Linkler

Link to publication in Scopus

Alıntı Yap

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title = "Volcanic eruption eye-witnessed and recorded by prehistoric humans",

abstract = "Human footprints in hydrovolcanic ash near {\c C}akallar volcano (Kula, Western Turkey) were discovered in 1968. A nearby pictograph interpreted as depicting {\c C}akallar volcano would define it as the oldest site where humans demonstrably eye-witnessed a volca̶nic eruption and possibly artistically recorded it. Despite {\c C}akallar's volcanological and cultural importance, its eruption age has remained controversial. Here, two independent dating methods, cosmogenic 36Cl and combined U-Pb and (U-Th)/He zircon (ZDD) geochronology, yielded the first internally consistent eruption ages controlled by detailed volcanostratigraphic mapping. Concordant 36Cl ages of 4.7 ± 0.6 ka (errors 1σ) were obtained for a cone-breaching lava flow. ZDD ages for crustal xenoliths from scoria deposits directly overlying the footprints yielded an age of 4.7 ± 0.7 ka. This firmly places the {\c C}akallar eruption and prehistoric human footprints, and plausibly the rock art, into the Bronze Age, reinforcing the notion that prehistoric artwork recorded natural events.",

keywords = "Anatolia, Human footprints, Petrographs, Rock painting, Salihli, UNESCO global geopark, Western Turkey",

author = "İnan Ulusoy and Sarıkaya, \{M. Akif\} and Schmitt, \{Axel K.\} and Erdal {\c S}en and Martin Dani{\v s}{\'i}k and Erdal G{\"u}m{\"u}{\c s}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2019",

month = may,

day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.030",

language = "English",

volume = "212",

pages = "187--198",

journal = "Quaternary Science Reviews",

issn = "0277-3791",

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T1 - Volcanic eruption eye-witnessed and recorded by prehistoric humans

AU - Ulusoy, İnan

AU - Sarıkaya, M. Akif

AU - Schmitt, Axel K.

AU - Şen, Erdal

AU - Danišík, Martin

AU - Gümüş, Erdal

PY - 2019/5/15

Y1 - 2019/5/15

N2 - Human footprints in hydrovolcanic ash near Çakallar volcano (Kula, Western Turkey) were discovered in 1968. A nearby pictograph interpreted as depicting Çakallar volcano would define it as the oldest site where humans demonstrably eye-witnessed a volca̶nic eruption and possibly artistically recorded it. Despite Çakallar's volcanological and cultural importance, its eruption age has remained controversial. Here, two independent dating methods, cosmogenic 36Cl and combined U-Pb and (U-Th)/He zircon (ZDD) geochronology, yielded the first internally consistent eruption ages controlled by detailed volcanostratigraphic mapping. Concordant 36Cl ages of 4.7 ± 0.6 ka (errors 1σ) were obtained for a cone-breaching lava flow. ZDD ages for crustal xenoliths from scoria deposits directly overlying the footprints yielded an age of 4.7 ± 0.7 ka. This firmly places the Çakallar eruption and prehistoric human footprints, and plausibly the rock art, into the Bronze Age, reinforcing the notion that prehistoric artwork recorded natural events.

AB - Human footprints in hydrovolcanic ash near Çakallar volcano (Kula, Western Turkey) were discovered in 1968. A nearby pictograph interpreted as depicting Çakallar volcano would define it as the oldest site where humans demonstrably eye-witnessed a volca̶nic eruption and possibly artistically recorded it. Despite Çakallar's volcanological and cultural importance, its eruption age has remained controversial. Here, two independent dating methods, cosmogenic 36Cl and combined U-Pb and (U-Th)/He zircon (ZDD) geochronology, yielded the first internally consistent eruption ages controlled by detailed volcanostratigraphic mapping. Concordant 36Cl ages of 4.7 ± 0.6 ka (errors 1σ) were obtained for a cone-breaching lava flow. ZDD ages for crustal xenoliths from scoria deposits directly overlying the footprints yielded an age of 4.7 ± 0.7 ka. This firmly places the Çakallar eruption and prehistoric human footprints, and plausibly the rock art, into the Bronze Age, reinforcing the notion that prehistoric artwork recorded natural events.

KW - Anatolia

KW - Human footprints

KW - Petrographs

KW - Rock painting

KW - Salihli

KW - UNESCO global geopark

KW - Western Turkey

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85064338036

U2 - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.030

DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.030

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85064338036

SN - 0277-3791

VL - 212

SP - 187

EP - 198

JO - Quaternary Science Reviews

JF - Quaternary Science Reviews

ER -

Volcanic eruption eye-witnessed and recorded by prehistoric humans

Özet

Bibliyografik not

Finansman

Belgeye Erişim

Diğer Dosyalar ve Linkler

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