Undrained plane strain shear tests on saturated sand using a hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus

A hollow cylinder torsional shear apparatus was modified and improved so that automatic stress-strain control and measurements were possible. Using this apparatus, a series of undrained plane strain shear tests was conducted on sand, and stress-strain behavior, such as rotation of principal stresses, shifting of the magnitude of intermediate principal stresses, and variation of normal stresses and strains, were closely examined. An attempt was also made to compare the plane strain shear behavior with the undrained shear behavior of sand in simple shear conditions.