Thermo-economic and environmental performance analysis of Carbon capture and storage systems for different types of ships

The shipping industry faces increasing demands to decrease its environmental footprint. The International Maritime Organization has introduced strict regulations regarding this demand, which will come into force in the near future. This requires the adoption of innovative solutions to mitigate CO₂ emissions on board. The carbon capture and storage (CCS) system, which provides CO₂ reduction that can exceed 90% in land facilities, may also be promising for ships. Thermo-economic and environmental performance analyses of CCS systems for different types of ships have been carried out by considering the operational profiles and particulars of the vessels in this study. Results show that the CCS systems for different ship types can capture between 30-55% CO₂ if only waste heat is used in CO₂ regeneration. The life cycle cost of the CCS system varies between 79.2-344 $/ton CO₂ depending on the ship type, and liquefied natural gas carriers have been determined to be the most feasible ship type. By reducing the maximum normalized engine load value in the design of the CCS system, it is probable to decrease costs by 17.9% against a 3.45% CO₂ reduction penalty for a Kamsarmax-type bulk carrier ship.