The black sea factor influencing the wastewater disposal strategy for Istanbul

Unlike other seas of the world, the Black Sea shows unique quality and trophic properties. Fortunately, only the upper layer water of the Black Sea is introduced into the Bosphorus and bas a significant effect on the quality and trophic conditions of the Marmara Sea. These effects are discussed in the light of data obtained from collaborative efforts of Turkish and Romanian research institutions and processed satellite images. In conjunction with these discussions, recommendations for a suitable effluent disposal strategy for Istanbul's wastewater have been given.