The aftermath of 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes: evaluation of strong motion data, geotechnical, building, and infrastructure issues

This paper presents the findings of field observations conducted in the aftermath of the earthquakes that struck the Pazarcik (Mw7.7) and Elbistan (Mw7.6) in Kahramanmaras province, Turkey on February 6th, 2023. The earthquakes, occurring on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), resulted in more than 50,000 losses of life and damage of more than 1.5 million properties across 11 provinces in Turkey. Field observations presented herein encompass seismological and strong ground motion data, geotechnical observations, as well as damage assessments of underground and above ground structures in various provinces and districts. The types and reasons of the structural damages were discussed. The study also examined the effects of high acceleration values and distribution of strong ground motions on the performance of structures. Soil liquefaction problems were observed in many locations such as Golbasi and Iskenderun. The paper highlights the geology, tectonics, strong motion characteristics, surface deformations, geotechnical and structural aspects, and the evaluation of lifelines in the affected area. Furthermore, the authors provide initial recommendations for improving disaster management, evaluating building stock, prioritizing urban transformation, strengthening infrastructure systems, addressing soil-building interaction issues, ensuring security measures during search and rescue efforts, utilizing satellite imagery effectively, considering seismic effects on water infrastructure, and taking a holistic approach to earthquake effects in industrial facilities.