Supply Chain Network Carbon Footprint of Forest Biomass to Biorefinery

Forests are capable of carbon sinks or act as carbon sources. Woody (forest) biomass is considered as carbon-neutral by combustion of the biomass if the source comes from sustainable forests. From forests to end-user supply chain management of forest biomass has its complexities due to bulk density and uneven distribution. However, beyond that, an integrated approach to biomass supply chain network considers the elements of each stage. Although numerous studies have investigated greenhouse gases causing carbon footprint of biomass energy supply systems, the main points of the studies often differ. Besides, research that focuses on forest biomass supply chain is minimal. Therefore, this study describes the entire carbon footprint of forest biomass to biorefinery supply chain network in total. Characteristics of raw material harvest method, differences in processing, storage method, transport type, and distance give rise to differences in the carbon footprint of the forest biomass supply chain. Briefly, this study shows us the potential of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, focusing on the key variables such as harvesting and transportation forest biomass supply chain network. Thus, the biorefinery end products add value in low carbon economy which then helps and the biorefinery products to become greener.