Spatial Analysis of Accessibility, Vegetation Density, and Equity of Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Esenyurt, Istanbul

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are essential for sustainable development and improving residents' quality of life. However, urban green space is not always equally accessible to all city residents. This inequality is linked to a broader range of injustices, including disparities in health and well-being, and is a significant environmental justice issue. Accordingly, in this study, the spatial distribution of accessibility, vegetation density, and equity in Esenyurt, Istanbul, which is the most populous district of the city and the country, was analyzed. Using GIS-based network analysis, we found that approximately 813.27 hectares of residential areas are served by green spaces within a 500-meter walking distance, while 650.26 hectares remain unserved. The normalized vegetation density (NDVI) analysis showed moderate overall vegetation density, with significant variations across neighborhoods. Studies have shown that the green space per capita is only 1.01 m² significantly below the 10 m² threshold established by Türkiye's official regulations. Based on the findings of this research, it is evident that urban planners and decision-makers should prioritize the development of new urban green spaces to address accessibility and equity gaps.