Shifts in public open space notion by new landscape contexts

The nature of cities underwent a big change starting from industrial revolution to nowadays. Besides, the life style and expectations of city-dwellers and the open space usages have been changing constantly by globalization and technological developments. Public open spaces also have been under the influence of all these dynamics. Furthermore, the transformation in the theoretical framework of "landscape" also helped to emerge a new type of public open space characteristics during last three decades. Together with the new perspective of landscape, new concepts rose in the design of public open spaces. The study doesn?t only aim to draw attention to significant changes in the notion of city and public spaces and also addresses the effects of the new urban landscape contexts on changing public open spaces. Within this scope, the study first defines the reasons behind the changing city and public spaces, second explains the landscape and its new contexts, and third describes new types of public spaces in urban landscapes reviewing the literature of the public space and landscape theory in last three decades. In the conclusion, the paper summaries the key issues mentioned in the study and try to give clues for urban and landscape design practices.