Next-Gen Space-Based Surveillance: Blockchain for Trusted and Efficient Debris Tracking

The increasing congestion of Earth's orbit due to growing satellite deployments and space debris poses a significant challenge to sustainable space operations. Traditional space surveillance systems rely on centralized architectures, which introduce single points of failure and scalability constraints. This paper proposes a blockchain-based solution, where satellites function as nodes with distinct roles to validate and securely store debristracking data. Simulation results indicate that optimal network performance is achieved with approximately 30 nodes, balancing throughput and response time, representing an approximately 9 × improvement over traditional consensus mechanisms.