MTD Based Novel Scheme for BMS Security against CAN Bus Attacks during BEV Charging

The networking requirement in CPS and IOT systems increase the performance in the involved application, but also introduce security vulnerabilities to the system. The increased power capacity and networking requirements in Fast and Extremely Fast Charging (XFC) systems for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and the resulting increase in the adversarial attack surface sets a good example for such threats and call for security measures to be taken in the involved cyber-physical system (CPS) as a whole. This study proposes a moving-target defense (MTD) based novel approach for the battery management system (BMS) of an electric vehicle during the charging process, focusing specifically on spoofing and replay attacks to the CAN bus, which could contaminate the whole grid through the BMS. To our best knowledge, this is one of the first studies in the literature on security-hardened BMS and charging process, aiming to increase the security of operations between the charging station, batteries and BMS of electric vehicles. The performed simulations for a BMS redundancy of four demonstrate increased security and optimized charging performance under adversarial attacks to the CAN bus and without the overhead of authentication methods in the literature. The developed MTD strategies can also support intrusion detection schemes, and could be extended to other CPS and IOT systems with security concerns.