Interactions of nanomaterials with the soil

Engineered nanomaterials (NMs) are being widely used in consumer and commercial products, leading to their inevitable increased release into the soil. In most cases, the results for the interactions of NMs with soil were inconclusive due to its complex nature. This complex nature of soil is composed of a matrix of minerals, organic matter, air, and water. To understand the fate and effects of engineered NMs, this study includes a detailed discussion of the current knowledge about the interaction of NMs with soil components. We classify and evaluate the nanomaterial studies according to their interactions with soil components to reveal the necessities and answer the unsolved problems in this field. The authors hope that, besides contributing to a better understanding of current overview of the effect of NMs on soil, this chapter will help to drive future investigations and will contribute to the general knowledge on the environmental interactions of engineered NMs.