Insensitive current-mode universal filter with minimum components using dual-output current conveyors

A novel universal current-mode active filter with four inputs and one output is presented, which contains only three dual-output current conveyors, two grounded capacitors and two grounded resistors. The circuit is very advantageous from an integration point of view. The proposed active filter realizes all filter responses without any matching conditions at high impedance output and has low passive and active sensitivities.