Impact Analysis of Smart EV Charging Systems in Renewable-Based Microgrid

While there is significant momentum in the electrification of transportation, the high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and intermitted renewable generation are putting additional pressure on the distribution system (DS). In this study, different smart charging methods are tested and their effects are investigated in a small-scale, highly renewable-based microgrid island. For this, an island inhabited microgrid (MG) was modeled in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and the effects of renewable energy and EV integration at different rates were measured. Then, the developed smart charging algorithms were integrated into the vehicle models. The results state that the uncoordinated EV integration increases the energy peak demand in the main bus by 16% while it decreases to 5% with Smart Unidirectional Charging (V1G) and no increase with Bidirectional Charging (V2G) methods. In the sub-buses, it was measured that the increases were reduced by half. Besides, the self-sufficiency ratio of MG increased from 48% to 51%.