Ice load calculation for arctic structures using 3-D dynamic non-linear finite element analysis

Guidelines to predict ice loads on arctic structures have been covered in ISO 19906 [1] based on some empirical equations. This study aims to calculate ice loads for various types of structures using an analytical approach and comparing results with those calculated according to ISO 19906. The scope of this study covers floating structures subjected to ice loads. Structure considered in this study and ice are modeled using finite element (FE) analysis software ABAQUS [2]. Material non-linearity for investigated structures, contact, non-linear crushing and fracture behavior of ice are captured in the analyses. Use of high end modeling approach is considered as a key element for obtaining a refined solution to this nonlinear and dynamic impact problem. The findings and conclusions presented in this study are expected to show advantages of using advanced analysis approach in calculation of ice loads. There weren't many comprehensive studies explaining advantages of an analytical approach over a code equation approach for calculation of ice loads at the time of this study. This study was developed to fill a gap in the industry so that engineers, owners and operators of arctic facilities can make informed decisions about the method to calculate the ice loads pertaining to their structure. It is typical to have a conservative approach when empirical code equations are used to calculate loads. However, level of conservatism or accuracy of code equations should be evaluated to ensure that target level of safety is attained.