General Overview of Near-Earth Magnetic Anomaly Effects on Satellite Attitude Estimation

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of geomagnetic field models and their impact on satellite attitude estimation. The study compares magnetometer data from low Earth orbit satellites and geomagnetic models to investigate errors arising from magnetic field representation. The effects of geomagnetic storms and substorms on predicted and observed magnetic fields and angles are examined during active and quiet days. The angles are then utilized for spacecraft attitude estimation, highlighting the importance of minimizing model-related errors in diverse space environments. The research emphasizes the significance of environmental elements for satellite attitude determination systems. Limitations of the employed models and measurements are discussed, including the impact of magnetometer measurement noise. The paper aims to provide an extensive evaluation of these concerns and guidance for selecting appropriate models based on specified noise levels in attitude estimation applications, considering various levels of magnetic activity and measurement noise.