Enhancing wave energy harvesting: Performance analysis of a dual chamber oscillating water column

This study investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of a dual chamber oscillating water column (OWC) setup through a series of experiments, aiming to assess its potential for harvesting wave energy. The investigation involves varying frontwall drafts, power take-off (PTO) dampings, and incident wave conditions, while quantitatively evaluating the OWC system's performance using the capture width ratio (CWR) as the key metric. The findings indicate that the dual chamber configuration consistently exhibits enhanced performance for all combinations of orifice ratios, opening heights, and incident wave frequencies studied. As expected, increasing the opening height of the second chamber leads to improved performance of the OWC. Interestingly, the effect of varying applied PTO damping on improvement of CWR values is found to be relatively insensitive. The most significant improvements in CWR are observed for larger incident wave frequency values. For instance, for dimensionless wave frequency (Kh) values of 1.43 and 1.68, the CWR increases from 0.47 and 0.26 to 0.72 and 0.52, respectively, with the orifice ratio combination of τ₁, 0.015, and τ₂, 0.018. It is worth noting that the single chamber OWC operates most efficiently within the resonant frequency range of 0.94–1.23, while the dual chamber design extends this frequency range, enabling efficient wave energy capture over a wider spectrum of wave conditions. The dual chamber configuration offers considerable advantages for wave energy conversion applications by increasing the effective frequency bandwidth for optimal energy capture. The research findings suggest that this innovative design has the potential to significantly enhance the efficiency and adaptability of wave energy converters, contributing to the advancement of sustainable and renewable energy technologies.