Energy and Displacement Demand Correlations for the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Türkiye Earthquake Sequence

The 2023 Kahramanmaraş Türkiye Earthquake Sequence, marked by severe mainshock-aftershock events, highlighted critical challenges in seismic resilience and structural performance. In response to these challenges, this study investigates the correlations between seismic input energy and top displacement demands for structural systems with various dynamic properties. Linear and nonlinear time history analyses were conducted on several single-degree-of-freedom systems using a Python-based code developed for this purpose, utilizing a comprehensive dataset of recorded ground motions. Following the presentation of seismic input energy and top displacement demand distribution maps for the earthquake-affected provinces, their relationships were analyzed through parametric studies on vibrational period, damping ratio, displacement ductility, and earthquake impulsive characteristics. A dimensionless coefficient defined to predict the top displacement demand through the seismic input energy was found to increase with a longer vibrational period, higher displacement ductility, lower damping ratio, and when the ground excitation exhibited pulse-like characteristics.