Elliptic anisotropy measurement of the f0(980) hadron in proton-lead collisions and evidence for its quark-antiquark composition

The CMS collaboration

doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56200-6

Elliptic anisotropy measurement of the f₀(980) hadron in proton-lead collisions and evidence for its quark-antiquark composition

The CMS collaboration

Fizik Mühendisliği Bölümü

A. Alikhanian Yerevan Institute of Physics
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Imperial College London
Northeastern University
University of Antwerp
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Wayne State University
University of Virginia
Vanderbilt University
Texas Tech University
Texas A&M University
Kyungpook National University
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
Brandenburg University of Technology
Rockefeller University
University of Rochester
Rice University
Purdue University Northwest
Purdue University
University of Puerto Rico
Princeton University
Ohio State University
University of Notre Dame
Northwestern University
SUNY Buffalo
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
University of Mississippi
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Maryland, College Park
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Kansas State University
University of Kansas
Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering
Johns Hopkins University
University of Iowa
Erciyes University
Sinop University
Georgian Technical University
Bingol University
University of Illinois at Chicago
Florida Institute of Technology
Ain Shams University
Florida State University
University of Florida
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
United States Naval Academy
California Institute of Technology
Cornell University
University of Colorado Boulder
Carnegie Mellon University
University of California at Santa Barbara
University of California at San Diego
University of California at Riverside
University of California at Los Angeles
University of California at Davis
Brown University
Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University
Bethel University
RWTH Aachen University
Boston University
University of Alabama
University of Turin
Catholic University of America
Baylor University
Brunel University London
CERN
Monash University
Durham University
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
University of Bristol
University of Southampton
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
NASU - Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology
NASU - Institute for Single Crystals
Adiyaman University
Yildiz Technical University
Istanbul University
Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa
Erzincan University
Istanbul Technical University
Hacettepe University
Near East University
Okan University
Bogazici University
Kafkas University
Turkish National Defence University
Marmara University
Middle East Technical University
Bozok University
Cukurova University
Izmir Bakircay University
Konya Technical University
Chulalongkorn University
National Taiwan University
National Central University
Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
CNRS/IN2P3
University of Zurich
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne
Paul Scherrer Institute
CAS - Institute of High Energy Physics
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
University of Ruhuna
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University of Colombo
Eastern University, Sri Lanka
Universidad de Cantabria
University of Oviedo
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
CIEMAT
University of Belgrade
Laboratório de Instrumentaão e Física Experimental de Partículas
Warsaw University of Technology
University of Warsaw
National Centre for Nuclear Research
AGH University of Krakow
Quaid-I-Azam University
University of Canterbury
University of Montenegro
Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla
Universidad Iberoamericana (UIA)
Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Universidad de Sonora
University of Malaya
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Vilnius University
University of Latvia
Riga Technical University
American University of the Middle East
Sungkyunkwan University
Yonsei University
University of Seoul
Seoul National University
Sejong University
Kyung Hee University
Korea University
Hanyang University
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Department of Mathematics and Physics - GWNU
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University of Trieste
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University of Rome La Sapienza
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University of Basilicata
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University of Genoa
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University of Florence
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University of Bologna
Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile
University of Bari
Polytechnic University of Bari
Helwan University
University College Dublin
Institute for Research for Fundamental Sciences
University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran
Isfahan University of Technology
Sharif University of Technology
German Electron Synchrotron
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune
University of Hyderabad
Homi Bhabha National Institute
Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
Visva-Bharati University
University of Delhi
Panjab University
Punjab Agricultural University
Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences
HUN-RENWigner Research Centre for Physics
Institute for Nuclear Research
University of Debrecen
Eotvos Lorand University
Assiut University
Babes-Bolyai University
University of Ioannina
National Technical University of Athens
Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
University of Hamburg
Jülich Research Centre
University of Wuppertal
Universidade do Estado do Amazonas
Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon
Tsinghua University
Université de Strasbourg
Université de Haute-Alsace
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet
Université Paris-Saclay
Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology
Helsinki Institute of Physics
University of Helsinki
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn
Al-Fayoum University
Academy of Scientific Research and Technology
The British University in Egypt
Zewail City of Science and Technology
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Escuela Politécnica Nacional
Charles University
University of Cyprus
Ruder Boskovic Institute
University of Split
Universidad de Antioquia
Universidad de los Andes Colombia
Zhejiang University
CAS - Institute of Modern Physics
Université libre de Bruxelles
Nanjing Normal University
Henan Normal University
University of Science and Technology of China
Sun Yat-Sen University
Peking University
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
China Spallation Neutron Source
China Center of Advanced Science and Technology World Laboratory
Beihang University
Universidad de Tarapacá
Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas
Université catholique de Louvain
Ghent University
Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport
TU Wien
Yerevan State University

Araştırma sonucu: Dergiye katkı › Makale › bilirkişi

Özet

Despite the f₀(980) hadron having been discovered half a century ago, the question about its quark content has not been settled: it might be an ordinary quark-antiquark (qq¯) meson, a tetraquark (qq¯qq¯) exotic state, a kaon-antikaon (KK¯) molecule, or a quark-antiquark-gluon (qq¯g) hybrid. This paper reports strong evidence that the f₀(980) state is an ordinary qq¯ meson, inferred from the scaling of elliptic anisotropies (v₂) with the number of constituent quarks (n_q), as empirically established using conventional hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The f₀(980) state is reconstructed via its dominant decay channel f₀(980) → π⁺π⁻, in proton-lead collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, and its v₂ is measured as a function of transverse momentum (p_T). It is found that the n_q = 2 (qq¯ state) hypothesis is favored over n_q = 4 (qq¯qq¯ or KK¯ states) by 7.7, 6.3, or 3.1 standard deviations in the p_T < 10, 8, or 6 GeV/c ranges, respectively, and over n_q = 3 (qq¯g hybrid state) by 3.5 standard deviations in the p_T < 8 GeV/c range. This result represents the first determination of the quark content of the f₀(980) state, made possible by using a novel approach, and paves the way for similar studies of other exotic hadron candidates.

Orijinal dil	İngilizce
Makale numarası	7990
Dergi	Nature Communications
Hacim	16
Basın numarası	1
DOI'lar	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56200-6
Yayın durumu	Yayınlandı - Ara 2025

Bibliyografik not

Publisher Copyright:
© CERN, for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration 2025.

Belgeye Erişim

10.1038/s41467-025-56200-6

Diğer Dosyalar ve Linkler

Link to publication in Scopus

Alıntı Yap

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title = "Elliptic anisotropy measurement of the f0(980) hadron in proton-lead collisions and evidence for its quark-antiquark composition",

abstract = "Despite the f0(980) hadron having been discovered half a century ago, the question about its quark content has not been settled: it might be an ordinary quark-antiquark (qq¯) meson, a tetraquark (qq¯qq¯) exotic state, a kaon-antikaon (KK¯) molecule, or a quark-antiquark-gluon (qq¯g) hybrid. This paper reports strong evidence that the f0(980) state is an ordinary qq¯ meson, inferred from the scaling of elliptic anisotropies (v2) with the number of constituent quarks (nq), as empirically established using conventional hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The f0(980) state is reconstructed via its dominant decay channel f0(980) → π+π−, in proton-lead collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, and its v2 is measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT). It is found that the nq = 2 (qq¯ state) hypothesis is favored over nq = 4 (qq¯qq¯ or KK¯ states) by 7.7, 6.3, or 3.1 standard deviations in the pT < 10, 8, or 6 GeV/c ranges, respectively, and over nq = 3 (qq¯g hybrid state) by 3.5 standard deviations in the pT < 8 GeV/c range. This result represents the first determination of the quark content of the f0(980) state, made possible by using a novel approach, and paves the way for similar studies of other exotic hadron candidates.",

author = "\{The CMS collaboration\} and A. Zhokin and I. Zhizhin and A. Zarubin and Yuldashev, \{B. S.\} and N. Voytishin and A. Vorobyev and I. Vardanyan and A. Uzunian and L. Uvarov and A. Toropin and I. Tlisova and O. Teryaev and A. Terkulov and E. Tcherniaev and V. Sulimov and D. Sosnov and A. Snigirev and V. Smirnov and S. Slabospitskii and Y. Skovpen and S. Shulha and S. Shmatov and V. Shalaev and V. Savrin and M. Savina and O. Radchenko and V. Popov and S. Polikarpov and S. Petrushanko and V. Perelygin and V. Palichik and V. Oreshkin and S. Obraztsov and A. Nikitenko and V. Murzin and V. Matveev and A. Malakhov and V. Makarenko and N. Lychkovskaya and P. Levchenko and A. Lanev and N. Krasnikov and A. Kozyrev and V. Korotkikh and V. Korenkov and D. Konstantinov and O. Kodolova and M. Kirsanov and D. Kirpichnikov and A. Cakir",

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month = dec,

doi = "10.1038/s41467-025-56200-6",

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T1 - Elliptic anisotropy measurement of the f0(980) hadron in proton-lead collisions and evidence for its quark-antiquark composition

AU - The CMS collaboration

AU - Zhokin, A.

AU - Zhizhin, I.

AU - Zarubin, A.

AU - Yuldashev, B. S.

AU - Voytishin, N.

AU - Vorobyev, A.

AU - Vardanyan, I.

AU - Uzunian, A.

AU - Uvarov, L.

AU - Toropin, A.

AU - Tlisova, I.

AU - Teryaev, O.

AU - Terkulov, A.

AU - Tcherniaev, E.

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AU - Sosnov, D.

AU - Snigirev, A.

AU - Smirnov, V.

AU - Slabospitskii, S.

AU - Skovpen, Y.

AU - Shulha, S.

AU - Shmatov, S.

AU - Shalaev, V.

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AU - Savina, M.

AU - Radchenko, O.

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AU - Polikarpov, S.

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AU - Matveev, V.

AU - Malakhov, A.

AU - Makarenko, V.

AU - Lychkovskaya, N.

AU - Levchenko, P.

AU - Lanev, A.

AU - Krasnikov, N.

AU - Kozyrev, A.

AU - Korotkikh, V.

AU - Korenkov, V.

AU - Konstantinov, D.

AU - Kodolova, O.

AU - Kirsanov, M.

AU - Kirpichnikov, D.

AU - Cakir, A.

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - Despite the f0(980) hadron having been discovered half a century ago, the question about its quark content has not been settled: it might be an ordinary quark-antiquark (qq¯) meson, a tetraquark (qq¯qq¯) exotic state, a kaon-antikaon (KK¯) molecule, or a quark-antiquark-gluon (qq¯g) hybrid. This paper reports strong evidence that the f0(980) state is an ordinary qq¯ meson, inferred from the scaling of elliptic anisotropies (v2) with the number of constituent quarks (nq), as empirically established using conventional hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The f0(980) state is reconstructed via its dominant decay channel f0(980) → π+π−, in proton-lead collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, and its v2 is measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT). It is found that the nq = 2 (qq¯ state) hypothesis is favored over nq = 4 (qq¯qq¯ or KK¯ states) by 7.7, 6.3, or 3.1 standard deviations in the pT < 10, 8, or 6 GeV/c ranges, respectively, and over nq = 3 (qq¯g hybrid state) by 3.5 standard deviations in the pT < 8 GeV/c range. This result represents the first determination of the quark content of the f0(980) state, made possible by using a novel approach, and paves the way for similar studies of other exotic hadron candidates.

AB - Despite the f0(980) hadron having been discovered half a century ago, the question about its quark content has not been settled: it might be an ordinary quark-antiquark (qq¯) meson, a tetraquark (qq¯qq¯) exotic state, a kaon-antikaon (KK¯) molecule, or a quark-antiquark-gluon (qq¯g) hybrid. This paper reports strong evidence that the f0(980) state is an ordinary qq¯ meson, inferred from the scaling of elliptic anisotropies (v2) with the number of constituent quarks (nq), as empirically established using conventional hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The f0(980) state is reconstructed via its dominant decay channel f0(980) → π+π−, in proton-lead collisions recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC, and its v2 is measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT). It is found that the nq = 2 (qq¯ state) hypothesis is favored over nq = 4 (qq¯qq¯ or KK¯ states) by 7.7, 6.3, or 3.1 standard deviations in the pT < 10, 8, or 6 GeV/c ranges, respectively, and over nq = 3 (qq¯g hybrid state) by 3.5 standard deviations in the pT < 8 GeV/c range. This result represents the first determination of the quark content of the f0(980) state, made possible by using a novel approach, and paves the way for similar studies of other exotic hadron candidates.

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