Electrochemical study of ceftazidime-copper (II) complex: Synthesis, characterization, biological activity and analytical application to pharmaceutical dosage forms

Ceftazidime (CFT) is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, the copper(II) complex of CFT has been synthesized. This prepeared complex was characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Its UV-Vis, IR and mass spectra suggest that CFT potentially acts as a bi-dentate ligand. The electrochemical behavior of this synthesized complex was studied over glassy carbon electrode in various buffer solutions using cyclic, linear sweep, differential pulse (DP) and square wave (SW) voltammetric techniques. CFT enrichment is observed over Cu(II) complex. The peak current and peak potential of the complex depend on pH, initial potential, and scan rate. DP and SW voltammetric techniques were used for the determination of CFT-Cu(II) complex. For solid synthesis complex, the linear response was within 1×10^-6 - 1×10^-4 M with a detection limit on one decimal point: 2.36×10^-7 for DPV and 1.60×10^-7 M for SWV techniques in Britton Robinson (BR) buffer at pH 8. All necessary validation parameters were investigated as detailed in all media. The complex and CFT have been screened for antibacterial activity and results were compared with the activity of the uncomplexed antibiotic against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kluvyeromyces fragilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus megaterium, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus cloacae and Micrococcus leteus. The complex was found to be more potent against two bacterial species than the uncomplexed CFT.