Discussion, limitations and suggestions

Abstract The correlational values obtained from research studies investigating the relationship between leadership and organizational outputs were quantitatively analyzed in this meta-analytic study. To determine the impact magnitudes of 13 organizational outputs of leadership, a sample group with a total of 600,201 subjects was compiled using 1,250 pieces of correlational data. The findings showed that leadership had a small-magnitude, positive effect on conflict management, medium-magnitude, positive effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational culture, organizational citizenship and performance and large-magnitude, positive effects on organizational trust, organizational climate, organizational health, organizational learning and organizational justice. In contrast, a small-magnitude, negative effect was found for stress and burnout with regard to the effect of leadership.