Development of BaSrTiO₃ nanomaterial based dispersive solid phase microextraction method for cadmium determination in thyme samples using flame atomic absorption spectrometry

This study presents an efficient and straightforward approach for the easy synthesis and innovative analytical application of an industrial nanomaterial of BaSrTiO₃ (BST). Characterization techniques including XRD (X-ray Diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) were utilized for characterizing the synthesized nanomaterial. Subsequently, the incorporation of BaSrTiO₃ nanomaterial-based DSPME (dispersive solid phase microextraction) and FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry) was implemented for the preconcentration of Cd with enhanced precision and accuracy. Each variable influencing the outcome of extraction efficiency has been defined in the optimization studies. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) values for the BaSrTiO₃ (BST)-DSPME-FAAS system were determined to be 1.1 µg/L and 0.33 µg/L, respectively. Recovery examinations were conducted on two different thyme tea samples utilizing multiple calibration methodologies. The calculated percent recovery values from the spiked samples were in the range of 89.2–123%.