Determination of surface tension of liquid ternary Ni–Cu–Fe and sub-binary alloys

Experimental data in the literature are almost limited to determine the thermophysical properties of multicomponent complex alloys, especially due to the inability of laboratories to achieve the desired ideal conditions, due to the difficulty of protection from oxidation at high temperatures and other contamination at high temperatures, due to time and cost in laboratory studies. Due to these reasons, the theoretical data obtained in this subject is of great importance. In this study, a series of geometric and physical models, such as Chou’s general solution model (GSM), Muggianu’s Model, Kohler’s Model, Toop’s Model, Hillert’s Model, Guggenheim’s Model, Butler’s Model, Egry’s Model and ideal solution model for quasi-binary alloy system for Section A: Ni _0.4(1–x) Cu _x Fe _0.6(1–x) . and Section B: (Ni _x Cu _0.2 Fe _0.8–x ) are used to calculate the surface tension-composition and surface tension-temperature curves of the Cu-Fe-Ni ternary liquid system are plotted. The data for this process is evaluated by means of an extended Redlich-Kister-Muggianu polynomial fit to the experimental values of the surface tensions of the binary liquid alloy systems. The obtained results for these models are also compared with the available data in the literature and relatively good agreements are observed. In addition, the surface segregation having important key factor in determining surface tension of the liquid alloy Ni-Fe-Cu has also been investigated in this work.