Conclusions from First Black Sea Hydrogen Sulfide Workshop (BSHSW): A Review

Black Sea, unique in presence of H₂S and higher organic carbon levels compare to other seas and oceans, the interest to explore its energy potential. Organic and industrial wastes flowing into the Black Sea is leading to increased H₂S thickness year by year impacting sea-life. Several extraction technologies (Land Base Extraction, Off Shore Platform and Subsea Extraction) are possible to remove H₂S, while producing hydrogen, chemicals and energy. Main cost driver in the process is extracting H₂S through pumping to the surface. Extracted H₂S can be utilized through direct burning, using in H₂S Fuel Cell (H₂S Fuel Cell), electrolyzing, Claus process and wet sulphuric acid processes. Depending on the processes and associated sub-processes, cost of H₂S extraction, separation and utilization for energy purposes may or may not have economic value. During extraction and conversion, value added products and processes, i.e. H₂, H₂SO₄, S, CS₂, rare earth metals, heavy water, can impact feasibility aspect significantly. Black Sea Hydrogen Sulfide Workshop (BSHSW) has concluded that research in energy, environment and economic aspects of H₂S in different countries has to continue and a common platform including Black Sea countries should be formed to organize the actions. Moreover, establishment of a pilot plant to develop and test the proposed technologies is necessary.