Comparison of Homogenization Techniques in Strain Gradient Elasticity for Determining Material Parameters

Additive manufacturing techniques, especially fused deposition modelling (FDM) based polymer 3-D printers are opening new possibilities in engineering design. Multiscale structures have a macroscale and miscroscale geometry. Composite materials are available as filaments allowing multiphysics applications. Microscale structure or even heterogeneous materials cause deviations from predictions of the materials response by using the classical first-order theory. Hence, we use the secondorder modeling in mechanics and study how to determine additional constitutive parameters that arise with the strain gradient theory. Different homogenization methods are demonstrated to result in differing material parameters based on assumptions used in modeling.