Comparative Assessment of the Cognitive Effectiveness of Projection Mapping on Physical Models Versus Digital Renders in Landscape Architecture

Projection mapping (PM) on physical models offers a hybrid representational medium for landscape architecture, yet its influence on spatial cognition remains under-explored. Through a comparative assessment using cognitive maps and surveys, the cognitive efficiency of PM on physical models is evaluated against conventional digital renderings among a cross-stakeholder group of participants, including 30 landscape architecture students and 10 educators. This research provides empirical evidence for PM's role in enhancing spatial communication and offers insights into its potential to support the landscape design process.