Cohesive approach for determining porosity and P-impedance in carbonate rocks using seismic attributes and inversion analysis

The assessment of hydrocarbon flow through seismic and well-log data presents a persistent challenge in determining porosity. The acoustic impedance section provides a visual representation of the layers, while the raw seismic data showcase the subsurface reflectors that exist within the rock layers. The accuracy of acoustic impedance is widely acknowledged to surpass that of seismic data as a representation of reality. The primary objective of this study is to convert seismic reflector data into acoustic impedance values, which provide insights into the layer properties based on lithology. This approach enhances the accuracy of seismic inversion results by aligning them more closely with actual geological conditions. Seismic inversion is employed to ascertain the physical characteristics of the rock, including acoustic impedance and porosity. Carbonate reservoirs are recognised for their complex pore structures and heterogeneity, which present difficulties in their characterisation. The objective of this research is to predict the porosity and identify the reservoir within the dense carbonate reservoirs in Central Luconia, Sarawak. These objectives are achieved by employing a porosity and acoustic impedance cross-plot and improved precision and predictability through the integration of seismic attribute interpretation and deterministic seismic inversions. The uniqueness of our approach stems from the incorporation of various geophysical techniques to detect reservoirs that have hydrocarbon deposits. A correlation is observed between seismic inversion acoustic impedance and porosity within the zone of interest, indicating an estimated porosity range of 10–35%. The analysed area demonstrates the possibility of containing a hydrocarbon based on the observed relationship between porosity and impedance, as well as the outcomes of the inversion analysis.