Climatological drought type analysis of devastated Turkish cities on the 2023 earthquakes

Drought problems have been studied worldwide for centuries, but the identification of drought is always a problem. Saying that drought is present or not present is not enough; the types of droughts must also be identified clearly in places or cities to solve the drought problems and their sources. This research identifies the drought types in cities and offers a new approach and forms upper and lower limit equations to create limit values for the determination of drought problems’ sources, their availability, and drought types, including meteorological drought, hydrological drought, agricultural drought, and socio-economic drought. 2023-Earthquake-affected cities in Türkiye were selected for drought analysis. Eventually, the presence and absence of drought in those cities were identified as dependent on average yearly and monthly precipitation data between 1990 and 2020, which was obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service. The model found that Kahramanmaraş (May, September, and October), Gaziantep (May, June, and October), Adıyaman (May, September, and October), and Osmaniye (May, June, and October) have meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural droughts at the same time. Kahramanmaraş and Adıyaman (July and August) have both hydrological and agricultural droughts. Osmaniye and Adıyaman are candidates for socioeconomic drought. Diyarbakır (June and October) and Adana (April, May, June, and October) have meteorological and agricultural droughts together.