Blind receivers for nonlinearly modulated signals in multipath

Classical blind channel equalization methods may not be suitable for systems with nonlinear modulation (e.g., continous phasemodulated signals) because the input to the channel may not be i.i.d. due to the modulator's memory. Moreover, the nonlinear characteristics of the modulator further complicate the channel estimation task. In this paper, we derive blind maximum likelihood channel estimation algorithms for nonlinearly modulated signals, using a hidden Markov model formulation. The novel algorithm is based on a modified Baum-Welch procedure. The proposed method implements a stochastic maximum likelihood approach and is well suited for short data records appearing in TDMA systems. Cramer-Rao bounds are derived, performance analysis issues are studied, and some illustrative simulations are presented.