Özet
Macro defect free (MDF) cements are polymer-cement composites characterized by high biaxial flexural strength compared to traditional concrete, having as a drawback a low water resistance. Glazing these composite materials with an inorganic enamel containing TiO2 nano-particles has led to a high water-stable material with advanced photocatalytic properties. Classic glazing by thermal treatment of samples, at 1050◦C, requires energy consumption and long-time performing. The purpose of this paper is to test the use of solar radiation as a source of energy in the glazing process. A vertical axis solar furnace has been used, from PROMES-CNRS Solar Laboratory, Font-Romeu Odeillo, France, and it has been observed that a uniform appearance of the glaze coating has been achieved; it shows high scratch resistance, meaning a good hardness and adhesion to the substrate. The obtained film was also characterized by SEM, EDS and XRD, aiming to evidence the coat morphology, the TiO2 distribution and its crystallinity alteration, when compared to the samples obtained by classic thermal treatment. The conclusion of the paper is that using solar radiation in the MDF cement glazing process is a promising approach for obtaining multifunctional materials.
Orijinal dil | İngilizce |
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Makale numarası | 350 |
Dergi | Coatings |
Hacim | 11 |
Basın numarası | 3 |
DOI'lar | |
Yayın durumu | Yayınlandı - Mar 2021 |
Bibliyografik not
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Finansman
Acknowledgments: Part of this work has been supported financially by European Solar Research Infrastructure for Concentrated Solar Power –Second Phase–SFERA ll; “Improvement of MDF cements properties through metallic oxide coating using solar energy. Acronym: SOL4COAT”, 2016. Contract no. CIEMAT PSA _EU 312642. The authors are also thankful to assoc. Nicanor Cimpoesu (Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania) for EDS analyses and to lecturer Daniel Cristea (Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania) for the scratch testing of composites coatings. morphology of the glaze, with spherical closed pores. An increase of the glaze thickness the repartition of TiO2 nano-particles aggregates in a higher volume, meaning an apparent determined that the repartition of TiO2 nano-particles aggregates in a higher volume, decrease of their concentration. These aspects, as well as the complete melting of the meaning an apparent decrease of their concentration. These aspects, as well as the com-glaze, due to the high energy used, led to a more transparent and glossier glaze obtained plete melting of the glaze, due to the high energy used, led to a more transparent and by solar treatment. Furthermore, the rapid sample heating led to a more amorphous, glossier glaze obtained by solar treatment. Furthermore, the rapid sample heating led to a glassy, highly cohesive and adhesive glaze. The paste amount used, and the intensity of more amorphous, glassy, highly cohesive and adhesive glaze. The paste amount used, the solar flux (in the tested domain), seemed to influence, in a minor measure, the glaze and the intensity of the solar flux (in the tested domain), seemed to influence, in a minor scratch characteristics. The scratch resistance of the glaze obtained by solar energy is measure, the glaze scratch characteristics. The scratch resistance of the glaze obtained by superior to that obtained by classic treatment. A higher rate of the solar glazing process, the solar energy is superior to that obtained by classic treatment. A higher rate of the solar lower cost of solar energy, the lower temperatures necessary for glaze formation that must glazing process, the lower cost of solar energy, the lower temperatures necessary for avoid the anatase polymorph transformation to rutile and consequently the increase of the glaze formation that must avoid the anatase polymorph transformation to rutile and glaze photoactivity, low emission of pollutants in the atmosphere, all make solar glazing consequently the increase of the glaze photoactivity, low emission of pollutants in the technology an attractive one. More studies have to be made to optimize the technological atmosphere, all make solar glazing technology an attractive one. More studies have to be parameters in order to obtain a larger glazed surface of the MDF composite and to enlarge made to optimize the technological parameters in order to obtain a larger glazed surface of the MDF composite and to enlarge testing of the obtained materials. Taking into account the good photocatalytic activity and the increased water resistance observed in the case of glazed MDF obtained by heat treatment in the electric furnace [45], improving the features for the concentrated solar glazed sample are expected. The influence of glazing parameters on the photocatalytic properties of MDF cements will be detailed in a future sAtuudthyo.r Contributions: Conceptualization, L.S.B. and S.P.; methodology, L.S.B., S.P., O.E. and H.O.; software, S.P.; validation, L.S.B., C.C. and S.P.; formal analysis, L.S.B., S.P., O.E. and H.O.; inves-AtiugtahtioornC, oLn.St.rBib.,uSt.iPo.,nMs: .CHo.nTc.,eCpt.Mua.liaznadtioBn.I,.L; .rSe.sBo.uarncde sS,.LP..;S m.Be.,thOo.dEo. laongdy,HL..OS..B; .d, aSt.Pa.,c uOr.aEt.iaonnd, LH.S.O.B..;, sSo.Pft.w, Mar.eH, .ST..P, C.; .vMal.iadnadtioBn.I,.;Lw.Sr.iBti.,nCg—.Co. raingdin Sa.lPd.;rafoftrmpraelp aanraatliyosnis,,L L.S.S.B.B. .a, nSd.PS.,. PO.;.Ew.r aitnindg H—.Ore.v; iienwveasntid-geadtiitoinng, ,LL.S.S.B.B.,.,SS.P.P..,,MC..CH..,TM. C.H.M.T..,aCn.dM B..aIn.; dreBs.oI.u;rvciessu,aLli.zSa.Bti.o, nO,.SE..Pa.;nsdu pHe.rOvi.;s idoant,aC c.uMra. tAiollna, uLt.hSo.Br.s, hSa.Pv.e, Mre.aHd.Ta.ndC.aMgr.eaenddt oBt.hI.e; wpurbitliinsgh—edovriegrisnioanl dofrathfte pmreapnaursactriiopnt,. L.S.B. and S.P.; writing—review and editing, L.S.B., S.P., C.C., M.H.T. C.M. and B.I.; visualization, S.P.; supervision, C.M. All authors Funding: This research was partially funded by FP7 Program/SFERA II, grant number 312642. have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Finansörler | Finansör numarası |
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Seventh Framework Programme | 312642 |
Munib R. Masri Development Foundation |