An Updated Agriculture Emissions Inventory and Contribution Estimation Using WRF-CMAQ Model for Turkey

In this study, NH₃ and NMVOC emissions from agricultural activities were updated and compared with EMEP inventory for a region known for agricultural activities in Turkey. An advanced air quality model, CMAQ, was used to determine the spatio-temporal distribution of NH₃ and NMVOC, which have seasonal patterns. Model was performed for base (EMEP 2018 emissions) and scenario (updated 2019 emissions) cases and 2018 summer months with high-resolution grid size. Moreover, secondary particle formation over the domain was identified. This study is significant due to the agriculture emissions to be updated and re-gridded using high-resolution CORINE land use data and examined of pollutants which are climate dependent. EMEP agriculture emissions were 955.92 kt/annual and 486.60 kt/annual (Turkey totals), and 284.35 kt/annual and 227.54 kt/annual (Turkey emissions in the domain) for NH₃ and NMVOCs, respectively; updated agriculture emissions were found as 579.58 kt/annual and 289.97 kt/annual (Turkey totals), and 195.01 kt/annual and 98.66 kt/annual (Turkey emissions in the domain) for NH₃ and NMVOC. Not only the emissions were different in overall quantities, but also there were spatial differences in concentrations between cases. For NH₃, the largest source of which is agriculture, monthly averaged concentration differences were found up to 60% in some areas of the domain due to the distribution of total emissions over agricultural areas unlike the EMEP spatial distribution methodology. VOC emissions were overestimated in EMEP inventory; thus, a difference had also become in concentrations between two cases. Highest concentrations were found in July for PM_2.5, PM_2.5(OC), PM_2.5(SO₄), and PM_2.5(NH₄).