Amfibi Yumurta Jel Katmanları; Morfolojik Yapısı ve İçeriği, Fertilizasyon Üzerine Etkisi ve İmmünobiyolojik Aktivitesi

Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates that serve as a bridge between aquatic life and terrestrial life with more than 8000 species in the world, divided into 3 orders: Anura, Urodela and Gymnophiona. In addition, they have been the subject of many studies due to their cosmopolitan structure, easy culturing, amplification and potential clinical applications. The mature eggs of most animal species are surrounded by extracellular layers or structures such as vitelline membrane, jelly, and zona pellucida. Amphibian eggs are bordered by a vitelline envelope of these structures and several jelly layers that are structurally and chemically different. These layers are characteristic feature of amphibian eggs and are described as a gelatinous matrix that is insoluble in water. These jelly layers, which look quite simple from the outside, protect the embryo against harsh environmental conditions in nature, nourish it, and allow it to grow and develop. The information in the literature on amphibian egg jelly, which plays such an important role, is very limited. In this review, the morphological structure, content, effect on fertilization and immunobiological activity of amphibian egg jelly are discussed.