A review of plant derived biomass particulate-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites and their mechanical characteristics

The global demand for sustainable materials has driven growing interest in plant-derived biomass particulate-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites. These materials provide a viable alternative to conventional composites by addressing environmental concerns while offering tailored property combinations suitable for advanced industrial applications. Particulate reinforcements, in particular, are gaining prominence due to their isotropic behavior, ease of processing, cost-effectiveness, and their ability to enhance specific mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness. This review comprehensively examines the research and development of polymer composites reinforced with plant-derived biomass particles. It discusses the types of biobased particulates, their advantages and limitations, and the key factors influencing their mechanical performance, including reinforcement and matrix characteristics, interfacial adhesion, and the effects of additives and processing advancements. By analyzing the interplay between particle properties, polymer matrices, and processing techniques, the review highlights the potential of particulate-reinforced biocomposites to meet diverse industrial requirements. The findings underscore the need for continued research to address challenges such as particle agglomeration and to optimize interfacial bonding. The paper concludes with recommendations for future studies aimed at enhancing the mechanical performance, sustainability, and application scope of these promising materials.