A multi period and multi objective stochastic hydrogen supply chain for Turkey

The energy sources that are used intensively in vehicles are generally non-renewable energy sources and they are in danger of being depleted as demand increases. To deal with this, countries are turning to hydrogen, which is considered a clean and renewable energy source. For hydrogen to be widespread, the Hydrogen Supply Chain (HSC) should be planned effectively. There are three key issues associated with an HSC. First, the uncertainty of future demand makes it difficult to design an HSC. Second, considering only the cost can bring along many other problems. One should also consider the associated risk and CO₂ emission as well. Third, in addition to the steady state of HSC, the transition of the HSC throughout periods is also important. In this study, a multi-objective, multi-period stochastic model is proposed to address these three issues. The results show that facilities having low CO₂ emission are opened in northern region of Turkey because of H₂S sources in Black Sea and they serve the center and the eastern regions. The west and south, focus on more cost-effective solutions due to high population.