A Generic Interacting Multiple Model Approach for Ballistic Missile Threat Tracking Without Prior Missile Information

This paper presents a robust and innovative solution for ballistic missile tracking using an interacting multiple model (IMM) framework that operates without prior knowledge of missile-specific parameters. The proposed unified constant axial acceleration (UCAA) model effectively handles both boost and reentry phases, while the constant velocity (CV) model captures coast phase dynamics. The directional elevation angle serves as a clever, physics-based classifier for phase transitions, and the Monte Carlo results demonstrate strong performance across all flight regimes. The method's independence from prior missile data makes it particularly valuable for real-world threat scenarios where such information is unavailable.