XPS investigations of tribolayers formed on TiN and (Ti,Re)N coatings

Serkan Oktay; Zafer Kahraman; Mustafa Urgen; Kursat Kazmanli

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.023

XPS investigations of tribolayers formed on TiN and (Ti,Re)N coatings

Serkan Oktay, Zafer Kahraman, Mustafa Urgen, Kursat Kazmanli^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering

Istanbul Technical University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

115 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

TiN and (Ti,Re)N coatings were deposited on high-speed-steel substrates by a hybrid coating system composed of cathodic arc PVD and magnetron sputtering techniques. In order to keep rhenium content low (8 ± 1.9 at.%) in the coating, magnetron sputtering technique was utilized to evaporate rhenium. The (Ti,Re)N coating consisted of TiN and ReN _x (x > 1.33) phases. The hardness of TiN and (Ti,Re)N were 31 GPa and 29 GPa (± 2 GPa), respectively. Tribological behaviors of the samples were tested against Al ₂ O ₃ balls at 21°C (RT) and 150°C (HT) by reciprocating wear technique. The tribolayers were analyzed by XPS technique. Friction coefficients of TiN were 0.56, 0.35 for 21°C and 150°C tests, respectively. Rhenium addition to TiN drastically dropped the friction coefficients to 0.22 and 0.17 for RT and HT samples. Rhenium addition also improved the wear resistance of the coating at both test temperatures. For TiN, main oxide component of the tribolayers was Ti ₂ O ₃ for RT tests and TiO ₂ for HT tests. The oxide layer formed on (Ti,Re)N were the mixture of TiO ₂ , TiON, ReO ₂ and Re ₂ O ₇ for both test temperatures. Re ₂ O ₇ provided very low friction coefficient to (Ti,Re)N. The findings are consistent with the crystal chemistry approach.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	255-261
Number of pages	7
Journal	Applied Surface Science
Volume	328
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.023
Publication status	Published - 15 Feb 2015

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Funding

A part of this study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, project #105M146). The authors gratefully thank Prof. Dr. Gültekin Göller, Hüseyin Sezer and Berk Alkan for their technical supports in SEM and XPS investigations.

Funders	Funder number
TUBITAK	105M146
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu

Keywords

Crystal chemistry approach
PVD coatings
Rhenium nitride
Titanium nitride
Tribology
XPS investigation

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10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.023

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title = "XPS investigations of tribolayers formed on TiN and (Ti,Re)N coatings",

abstract = " TiN and (Ti,Re)N coatings were deposited on high-speed-steel substrates by a hybrid coating system composed of cathodic arc PVD and magnetron sputtering techniques. In order to keep rhenium content low (8 ± 1.9 at.%) in the coating, magnetron sputtering technique was utilized to evaporate rhenium. The (Ti,Re)N coating consisted of TiN and ReN x (x > 1.33) phases. The hardness of TiN and (Ti,Re)N were 31 GPa and 29 GPa (± 2 GPa), respectively. Tribological behaviors of the samples were tested against Al 2 O 3 balls at 21°C (RT) and 150°C (HT) by reciprocating wear technique. The tribolayers were analyzed by XPS technique. Friction coefficients of TiN were 0.56, 0.35 for 21°C and 150°C tests, respectively. Rhenium addition to TiN drastically dropped the friction coefficients to 0.22 and 0.17 for RT and HT samples. Rhenium addition also improved the wear resistance of the coating at both test temperatures. For TiN, main oxide component of the tribolayers was Ti 2 O 3 for RT tests and TiO 2 for HT tests. The oxide layer formed on (Ti,Re)N were the mixture of TiO 2 , TiON, ReO 2 and Re 2 O 7 for both test temperatures. Re 2 O 7 provided very low friction coefficient to (Ti,Re)N. The findings are consistent with the crystal chemistry approach.",

keywords = "Crystal chemistry approach, PVD coatings, Rhenium nitride, Titanium nitride, Tribology, XPS investigation",

author = "Serkan Oktay and Zafer Kahraman and Mustafa Urgen and Kursat Kazmanli",

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AU - Oktay, Serkan

AU - Kahraman, Zafer

AU - Urgen, Mustafa

AU - Kazmanli, Kursat

PY - 2015/2/15

Y1 - 2015/2/15

N2 - TiN and (Ti,Re)N coatings were deposited on high-speed-steel substrates by a hybrid coating system composed of cathodic arc PVD and magnetron sputtering techniques. In order to keep rhenium content low (8 ± 1.9 at.%) in the coating, magnetron sputtering technique was utilized to evaporate rhenium. The (Ti,Re)N coating consisted of TiN and ReN x (x > 1.33) phases. The hardness of TiN and (Ti,Re)N were 31 GPa and 29 GPa (± 2 GPa), respectively. Tribological behaviors of the samples were tested against Al 2 O 3 balls at 21°C (RT) and 150°C (HT) by reciprocating wear technique. The tribolayers were analyzed by XPS technique. Friction coefficients of TiN were 0.56, 0.35 for 21°C and 150°C tests, respectively. Rhenium addition to TiN drastically dropped the friction coefficients to 0.22 and 0.17 for RT and HT samples. Rhenium addition also improved the wear resistance of the coating at both test temperatures. For TiN, main oxide component of the tribolayers was Ti 2 O 3 for RT tests and TiO 2 for HT tests. The oxide layer formed on (Ti,Re)N were the mixture of TiO 2 , TiON, ReO 2 and Re 2 O 7 for both test temperatures. Re 2 O 7 provided very low friction coefficient to (Ti,Re)N. The findings are consistent with the crystal chemistry approach.

AB - TiN and (Ti,Re)N coatings were deposited on high-speed-steel substrates by a hybrid coating system composed of cathodic arc PVD and magnetron sputtering techniques. In order to keep rhenium content low (8 ± 1.9 at.%) in the coating, magnetron sputtering technique was utilized to evaporate rhenium. The (Ti,Re)N coating consisted of TiN and ReN x (x > 1.33) phases. The hardness of TiN and (Ti,Re)N were 31 GPa and 29 GPa (± 2 GPa), respectively. Tribological behaviors of the samples were tested against Al 2 O 3 balls at 21°C (RT) and 150°C (HT) by reciprocating wear technique. The tribolayers were analyzed by XPS technique. Friction coefficients of TiN were 0.56, 0.35 for 21°C and 150°C tests, respectively. Rhenium addition to TiN drastically dropped the friction coefficients to 0.22 and 0.17 for RT and HT samples. Rhenium addition also improved the wear resistance of the coating at both test temperatures. For TiN, main oxide component of the tribolayers was Ti 2 O 3 for RT tests and TiO 2 for HT tests. The oxide layer formed on (Ti,Re)N were the mixture of TiO 2 , TiON, ReO 2 and Re 2 O 7 for both test temperatures. Re 2 O 7 provided very low friction coefficient to (Ti,Re)N. The findings are consistent with the crystal chemistry approach.

KW - Crystal chemistry approach

KW - PVD coatings

KW - Rhenium nitride

KW - Titanium nitride

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JO - Applied Surface Science

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XPS investigations of tribolayers formed on TiN and (Ti,Re)N coatings

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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