Treatment of Recurrent Giant Angiomyolipoma After Nephrectomy with Selective Arterial Embolization: A Case Report

Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are mesenchymal tumors that typically originate from the kidneys and contain smooth muscle cells, fat cells, and blood vessels. They are usually benign in nature but can be fatal due to complications. AMLs almost always involve the kidneys, and only a few studies have reported the possibility of extrarenal involvement as a rare entity. In this study, we examined a patient who presented to our clinic with left-sided pain and was found to have a large AML measuring approximately 15 cm in size in the left kidney. The patient underwent a simple left nephrectomy, and AML was diagnosed after histopathological examination, with intact surgical margins. During the patient’s routine 6-month follow-up visits, approximately four years after nephrectomy, a mass of approximately 13 cm was observed in the nephrectomy bed and radiologically interpreted as a recurrent AML. A tru-cut biopsy of the mass confirmed AML diagnosis. The patient was treated with selective arterial embolization, which was successful without any complications. We believe that our rare case of recurrent large AML will contribute to the diagnosis and treatment choices for patients with recurrent renal and extrarenal AML in the future and will add to the existing literature.