Abstract
The application of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials as catalysts has attracted great interest due to their unique structural features. It also triggered the need to study their fate and behavior in the aquatic environment. In the present study, Zn-Fe nanolayered double hydroxides (Zn-Fe LDHs) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses. The toxicity of the home-made Zn-Fe LDHs catalyst was examined by employing a variety of aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, namely the marine photobacterium Vibrio fischeri, the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna, and the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. From the experimental results, it was evident that the acute toxicity of the catalyst depended on the exposure time and type of selected test organism. Zn-Fe LDHs toxicity was also affected by its physical state in suspension, chemical composition, as well as interaction with the bioassay test medium.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 395 |
Journal | Molecules |
Volume | 26 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2 Jan 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Funding
Funding: This research was funded by Istanbul Technical University under project Nr. MAB-2019-42237. Also, this research is supported by a research grant (Post Doc, S. Arefi-Oskoui) of the University of Tabriz (S2058-99.07.21). This research was funded by Nanjing Forestry University (Grant Nos. NFU163020203, NFU163020217 and NFU163020139) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (5201101466). Acknowledgments: The authors are thankful for the financial support of Istanbul Technical University under project Nr. MAB-2019-42237. Also, this research is supported by a research grant (Post Doc, S. Arefi-Oskoui) of the University of Tabriz (S2058-99.07.21). Y. Orooji acknowledges the financial support provided by the Nanjing Forestry University (Grant Nos. NFU163020203, NFU163020217 and NFU163020139) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (5201101466).
Funders | Funder number |
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Nanjing Forestry University | NFU163020139, NFU163020217, NFU163020203 |
National Natural Science Foundation of China | 5201101466 |
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi | MAB-2019-42237 |
University of Tabriz | S2058-99.07.21 |
Keywords
- Bioassays
- Daphnia magna
- Layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalysts
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Spirodela polyrhiza
- Surface analysis
- Vibrio fischeri