Three strategies to treat reverse osmosis brine and cation exchange spent regenerant to increase system recovery

S. Salvador Cob; F. E. Genceli Güner; B. Hofs; J. van Spronsen; G. J. Witkamp

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.03.009

Three strategies to treat reverse osmosis brine and cation exchange spent regenerant to increase system recovery

S. Salvador Cob^*, F. E. Genceli Güner, B. Hofs, J. van Spronsen, G. J. Witkamp

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Concentrate streams from industrial processes entail an important risk for the environment, as they are often discharged into it. Therefore, efforts must be made to reduce the load of contaminants discharged to the environment. Eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC) is a novel technique which allows separation of salts and water from aqueous streams. In this research, three treatment options for reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate and cation exchange (CIEX) spent regenerant are investigated.First, application of EFC to RO concentrate was investigated. The stream was rich in HCO₃^- and Na⁺. Application of EFC to this solution, led to the formation of ice and NaHCO₃ at -3.9°C with 5.8wt.% NaHCO₃.Second, precipitation of CaCO₃ by mixing the RO concentrate with the CIEX regenerant in a ratio of 2.8:1 and adjusting the pH to 11 was investigated. A 0.25M NaCl solution remained after the treatment, which upon concentration could be used to regenerate the resin.Third, application of EFC to a synthetic CIEX regenerant was also investigated. The multicomponent solution contained NaCl, MgCl₂ and CaCl₂. Upon EFC treatment, ice formed first and then NaCl·2H₂O at -29°C. The composition of eutectic point at -29.4°C was 2.48wt.% Na and 15.85wt.% Cl.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	36-47
Number of pages	12
Journal	Desalination
Volume	344
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.03.009
Publication status	Published - 1 Jul 2014
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This work was performed in the cooperation framework of Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology ( www.wetsus.nl ). Wetsus is funded by the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs , Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment , the European Regional Development Fund , the Province of Fryslân , and the Northern Netherlands Provinces . The authors would like to thank the participants of the research theme “Clean Water Technology” for the fruitful discussions and their financial support. We would like to thank Michel van den Brink for the ICP analysis, Arie Zwijnenburg for the SEM–EDX analysis and Ruud Hendrikx and Kees Goubitz for the XRD analysis. We would also like to thank Cyril Maffezzoni and Carlant Lopez for their experimental contribution to this work. Finally, we also would like to thank the reviewers for their comments, which helped to improve the quality of this paper.

Funders	Funder number
Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs , Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment
European Regional Development Fund

Keywords

Cation exchange regenerate
Eutectic freeze crystallization
Reverse osmosis
Zero liquid discharge

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10.1016/j.desal.2014.03.009

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title = "Three strategies to treat reverse osmosis brine and cation exchange spent regenerant to increase system recovery",

abstract = "Concentrate streams from industrial processes entail an important risk for the environment, as they are often discharged into it. Therefore, efforts must be made to reduce the load of contaminants discharged to the environment. Eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC) is a novel technique which allows separation of salts and water from aqueous streams. In this research, three treatment options for reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate and cation exchange (CIEX) spent regenerant are investigated.First, application of EFC to RO concentrate was investigated. The stream was rich in HCO3- and Na+. Application of EFC to this solution, led to the formation of ice and NaHCO3 at -3.9°C with 5.8wt.% NaHCO3.Second, precipitation of CaCO3 by mixing the RO concentrate with the CIEX regenerant in a ratio of 2.8:1 and adjusting the pH to 11 was investigated. A 0.25M NaCl solution remained after the treatment, which upon concentration could be used to regenerate the resin.Third, application of EFC to a synthetic CIEX regenerant was also investigated. The multicomponent solution contained NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. Upon EFC treatment, ice formed first and then NaCl·2H2O at -29°C. The composition of eutectic point at -29.4°C was 2.48wt.% Na and 15.85wt.% Cl.",

keywords = "Cation exchange regenerate, Eutectic freeze crystallization, Reverse osmosis, Zero liquid discharge",

author = "{Salvador Cob}, S. and {Genceli G{\"u}ner}, {F. E.} and B. Hofs and {van Spronsen}, J. and Witkamp, {G. J.}",

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AU - Genceli Güner, F. E.

AU - Hofs, B.

AU - van Spronsen, J.

AU - Witkamp, G. J.

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AB - Concentrate streams from industrial processes entail an important risk for the environment, as they are often discharged into it. Therefore, efforts must be made to reduce the load of contaminants discharged to the environment. Eutectic freeze crystallization (EFC) is a novel technique which allows separation of salts and water from aqueous streams. In this research, three treatment options for reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate and cation exchange (CIEX) spent regenerant are investigated.First, application of EFC to RO concentrate was investigated. The stream was rich in HCO3- and Na+. Application of EFC to this solution, led to the formation of ice and NaHCO3 at -3.9°C with 5.8wt.% NaHCO3.Second, precipitation of CaCO3 by mixing the RO concentrate with the CIEX regenerant in a ratio of 2.8:1 and adjusting the pH to 11 was investigated. A 0.25M NaCl solution remained after the treatment, which upon concentration could be used to regenerate the resin.Third, application of EFC to a synthetic CIEX regenerant was also investigated. The multicomponent solution contained NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. Upon EFC treatment, ice formed first and then NaCl·2H2O at -29°C. The composition of eutectic point at -29.4°C was 2.48wt.% Na and 15.85wt.% Cl.

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Three strategies to treat reverse osmosis brine and cation exchange spent regenerant to increase system recovery

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Keywords

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