The role of productive landscapes for resilient cities

Urban agriculture has been an indisputable part of cities during history. It is an important subject to improve sustainability of cities, urban landscapes, and agrarian society. Establishing the urban-rural linkages is a critical endeavor for the quality of life in urban areas. The present work elaborates the historical evolution of urban agriculture in the world. The review of different urban agriculture cases through literature and internet searches highlighted the effects of different eras on urban agriculture. The final outcome is presented in the form of a chronological diagram of urban agriculture. The findings show that through the history agriculture has played a big role in development of cities. It was the war, crises, and famine that contributed agriculture to rise in urban areas as a vital solution. The shortages and scarcity that came after the wars, created the 'back to the land' vision. Subsequently, the awareness influenced the lifestyle in every dimension, from political to architecture, and to landscape. Food, as one of the primary material of humans' lifecycle, was eventually recognized by communities and governments due to the emerging concept of sustainability.