The discipline unfolding: A thematic lens on disciplinary evolution of architectural design

Architectural design is pivotal in architecture, yet its identity remains debated— whether it aligns with art, science, or represents a novel knowledge domain lacks consensus. This paper examines the evolution of architectural design as a discipline from Vitruvius to the present, focusing on three main trajectories: Architecture Culture, Design Thinking, and Knowledge Production by Architecture. Using thematic content analysis and NVivo software, the authors analyzed 157 relevant texts to uncover key themes within each trajectory. The study found that Architecture Culture (from Vitruvius to present) was characterized as subjective, while Design Thinking (1960s-present) and Knowledge Production by Architecture (1990s-present) were portrayed as overly objective. The findings highlight the need to reconceptualize architectural design as a subjective, speculative, and intellectual field of knowledge to guide the discipline’s future development.