Tailoring piezoresistive response of carbon nanotubes sensors by hybridization of cellulose nanocrystals for composite structures

Adel Alrai; Ersin Beyhan; Amir Asadi; Elif Ozden-Yenigun; Hulya Cebeci

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2023.114633

Tailoring piezoresistive response of carbon nanotubes sensors by hybridization of cellulose nanocrystals for composite structures

Adel Alrai
, Ersin Beyhan
, Amir Asadi
, Elif Ozden-Yenigun
, Hulya Cebeci^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Aeronautical Engineering

Istanbul Technical University
Texas A&m University
Royal College of Art

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Here, the piezoresistive behavior and the underlying sensing mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite strain sensors were studied. Aqueous CNT/CNC inks were developed, characterized, and applied on the surface of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites to function as strain sensors. The sensor's behavior and sensitivities at small and large strains depended on the initial composition of CNCs. The sensor with a CNT/CNC composite with composition of 0.8:0.4 (wt%:wt%) had gauge factors of 0.9 and 6.4 at 0.60 % and 1.35 % strains, respectively. At higher composition of 0.8:4.0 (wt%:wt%), gauge factors of 0.5 and 22.2 were calculated for the same strain regions. Through analytical model and morphology analyses, we discussed the influence of CNCs on CNT contact types and on the average tunneling distance between CNTs and the their piezoresistive performance. It was also discussed that CNC particles control the types of contacts between adjacent CNTs. As a result, tailoring piezoresistive behavior was demonstrated. In conclusion, applying a binder-free and environmentally friendly sustainable aqueous ink on a surface of a composite was revealed to be an effective and practical approach for tailored strain sensing.

Original language	English
Article number	114633
Journal	Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
Volume	362
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2023.114633
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023

Funding

Hulya Cebeci is a faculty member in Department of Aeronautical Engineering Istanbul Technical University. She is a co-founder of Nanomaterials, Textiles, and Advanced Composites Research Group at ITU and her research is supported by several national and international partners from the aerospace industry. Her current research interest focuses on development of high-performance composites, 3D textile preforms, and sensors for smart wearables and aerospace applications. This work was financially supported by Istanbul Technical University Aerospace Research Center . The authors would like to thank Suat Ebil and Yunus Emre Bozkurt for their help carrying out rheology tests. The authors would like to thank Erdem Kilicaslan for his help obtaining scanning electron microscopy images.

Funders
Istanbul Technical University Aerospace Research Center
International Technological University

Keywords

Carbon nanotube
Cellulose nanocrystals
Composites
Hybridization
Piezoresistive

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10.1016/j.sna.2023.114633

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title = "Tailoring piezoresistive response of carbon nanotubes sensors by hybridization of cellulose nanocrystals for composite structures",

abstract = "Here, the piezoresistive behavior and the underlying sensing mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite strain sensors were studied. Aqueous CNT/CNC inks were developed, characterized, and applied on the surface of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites to function as strain sensors. The sensor's behavior and sensitivities at small and large strains depended on the initial composition of CNCs. The sensor with a CNT/CNC composite with composition of 0.8:0.4 (wt\%:wt\%) had gauge factors of 0.9 and 6.4 at 0.60 \% and 1.35 \% strains, respectively. At higher composition of 0.8:4.0 (wt\%:wt\%), gauge factors of 0.5 and 22.2 were calculated for the same strain regions. Through analytical model and morphology analyses, we discussed the influence of CNCs on CNT contact types and on the average tunneling distance between CNTs and the their piezoresistive performance. It was also discussed that CNC particles control the types of contacts between adjacent CNTs. As a result, tailoring piezoresistive behavior was demonstrated. In conclusion, applying a binder-free and environmentally friendly sustainable aqueous ink on a surface of a composite was revealed to be an effective and practical approach for tailored strain sensing.",

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AU - Asadi, Amir

AU - Ozden-Yenigun, Elif

AU - Cebeci, Hulya

PY - 2023/11/1

Y1 - 2023/11/1

N2 - Here, the piezoresistive behavior and the underlying sensing mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite strain sensors were studied. Aqueous CNT/CNC inks were developed, characterized, and applied on the surface of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites to function as strain sensors. The sensor's behavior and sensitivities at small and large strains depended on the initial composition of CNCs. The sensor with a CNT/CNC composite with composition of 0.8:0.4 (wt%:wt%) had gauge factors of 0.9 and 6.4 at 0.60 % and 1.35 % strains, respectively. At higher composition of 0.8:4.0 (wt%:wt%), gauge factors of 0.5 and 22.2 were calculated for the same strain regions. Through analytical model and morphology analyses, we discussed the influence of CNCs on CNT contact types and on the average tunneling distance between CNTs and the their piezoresistive performance. It was also discussed that CNC particles control the types of contacts between adjacent CNTs. As a result, tailoring piezoresistive behavior was demonstrated. In conclusion, applying a binder-free and environmentally friendly sustainable aqueous ink on a surface of a composite was revealed to be an effective and practical approach for tailored strain sensing.

AB - Here, the piezoresistive behavior and the underlying sensing mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite strain sensors were studied. Aqueous CNT/CNC inks were developed, characterized, and applied on the surface of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites to function as strain sensors. The sensor's behavior and sensitivities at small and large strains depended on the initial composition of CNCs. The sensor with a CNT/CNC composite with composition of 0.8:0.4 (wt%:wt%) had gauge factors of 0.9 and 6.4 at 0.60 % and 1.35 % strains, respectively. At higher composition of 0.8:4.0 (wt%:wt%), gauge factors of 0.5 and 22.2 were calculated for the same strain regions. Through analytical model and morphology analyses, we discussed the influence of CNCs on CNT contact types and on the average tunneling distance between CNTs and the their piezoresistive performance. It was also discussed that CNC particles control the types of contacts between adjacent CNTs. As a result, tailoring piezoresistive behavior was demonstrated. In conclusion, applying a binder-free and environmentally friendly sustainable aqueous ink on a surface of a composite was revealed to be an effective and practical approach for tailored strain sensing.

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KW - Cellulose nanocrystals

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KW - Piezoresistive

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Tailoring piezoresistive response of carbon nanotubes sensors by hybridization of cellulose nanocrystals for composite structures

Abstract

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Keywords

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