Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-based Polybenzoxazine Hybrids From Vanillin, Thymol, and Carvacrol

Merve Erdeger; Fusun Seyma Gungor

doi:10.1002/asia.202401777

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-based Polybenzoxazine Hybrids From Vanillin, Thymol, and Carvacrol

Merve Erdeger, Fusun Seyma Gungor^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Chemistry

Istanbul Technical University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Recently, the fast advancement of bio-based polymers has boosted the interest in green and sustainable materials. In this context, polybenzoxazine-derived renewable resources have been widely investigated due to their environmental benefits and high mechanical and thermal properties. This study focused on synthesizing hybrid benzoxazines from bio-phenolic compounds— vanillin, thymol, and carvacrol— combined with Jeffamine D-230 and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structures of hybrid benzoxazines (Van-JD, Thy-JD, and Car-JD) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR). Furthermore, the curing behavior and thermal stability of synthesized bio-phenolic-based benzoxazines were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

Original language	English
Article number	e202401777
Journal	Chemistry - An Asian Journal
Volume	20
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.202401777
Publication status	Published - 2 Jun 2025

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s). Chemistry - An Asian Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

Keywords

Benzoxazine
Carvacrol
Jeffamine
Thymol
Vanillin

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10.1002/asia.202401777

Cite this

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title = "Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-based Polybenzoxazine Hybrids From Vanillin, Thymol, and Carvacrol",

abstract = "Recently, the fast advancement of bio-based polymers has boosted the interest in green and sustainable materials. In this context, polybenzoxazine-derived renewable resources have been widely investigated due to their environmental benefits and high mechanical and thermal properties. This study focused on synthesizing hybrid benzoxazines from bio-phenolic compounds— vanillin, thymol, and carvacrol— combined with Jeffamine D-230 and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structures of hybrid benzoxazines (Van-JD, Thy-JD, and Car-JD) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR). Furthermore, the curing behavior and thermal stability of synthesized bio-phenolic-based benzoxazines were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).",

keywords = "Benzoxazine, Carvacrol, Jeffamine, Thymol, Vanillin",

author = "Merve Erdeger and Gungor, \{Fusun Seyma\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Chemistry - An Asian Journal published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.",

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doi = "10.1002/asia.202401777",

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T1 - Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-based Polybenzoxazine Hybrids From Vanillin, Thymol, and Carvacrol

AU - Erdeger, Merve

AU - Gungor, Fusun Seyma

PY - 2025/6/2

Y1 - 2025/6/2

N2 - Recently, the fast advancement of bio-based polymers has boosted the interest in green and sustainable materials. In this context, polybenzoxazine-derived renewable resources have been widely investigated due to their environmental benefits and high mechanical and thermal properties. This study focused on synthesizing hybrid benzoxazines from bio-phenolic compounds— vanillin, thymol, and carvacrol— combined with Jeffamine D-230 and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structures of hybrid benzoxazines (Van-JD, Thy-JD, and Car-JD) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR). Furthermore, the curing behavior and thermal stability of synthesized bio-phenolic-based benzoxazines were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

AB - Recently, the fast advancement of bio-based polymers has boosted the interest in green and sustainable materials. In this context, polybenzoxazine-derived renewable resources have been widely investigated due to their environmental benefits and high mechanical and thermal properties. This study focused on synthesizing hybrid benzoxazines from bio-phenolic compounds— vanillin, thymol, and carvacrol— combined with Jeffamine D-230 and paraformaldehyde. The chemical structures of hybrid benzoxazines (Van-JD, Thy-JD, and Car-JD) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR). Furthermore, the curing behavior and thermal stability of synthesized bio-phenolic-based benzoxazines were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

KW - Benzoxazine

KW - Carvacrol

KW - Jeffamine

KW - Thymol

KW - Vanillin

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105004225243

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DO - 10.1002/asia.202401777

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105004225243

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IS - 11

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ER -

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-based Polybenzoxazine Hybrids From Vanillin, Thymol, and Carvacrol

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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