Abstract
European researchers and seismic networks are active in developing new approaches to earthquake early warning (EEW), implementing and operating test EEW systems, and in some cases, offering operational EEW to end users. We present the key recent developments in EEW research in Europe, describe the networks and regions where EEW is currently in testing or development, and highlight the two systems in Turkey and Romania that currently provide operational systems to a limited set of end users.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 2441-2458 |
| Number of pages | 18 |
| Journal | Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering |
| Volume | 14 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Sept 2016 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
Funding
Feasibility studies have been taken place in Spain. During the last 5 years a series of research projects (ALERT-ES) funded by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia have have investigated the feasibility and potential performance of an EEW system for the south Iberia peninsula. The south of the Iberian Peninsula is a region in which large, damaging earthquakes occurred off-shore in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterrranean sea in the last centuries with relatively long recurrence times. The largest recorded earthquake in the region is the great 1755 Lisbon earthquake (intensity Imax = X) which occurred SW of San Vicente Cape (SW Iberian Peninsula). With the aim of investigating the feasibility of EEW in this region of the Iberian Peninsula, empirical scaling relationships between various early warning parameters and the earthquake size and/or its potential damaging effects for this region have been derived by Carranza et al. (). The present distribution of real-time, broadband stations in SW Iberia is very sparse and provides a poor azimuthal coverage thus making an early and reliable location of the off-shore earthquake epicenter and depth difficult to obtain. The authors suggested that a P-wave, threshold-based method based upon a front-detection approach, would allow to rapidly assess the potential damaging effects of offshore earthuqkes by the realtime analysis of data from coastal stations without any need for accurate estimation of the earthquake’s location. The EEW efforts described in this paper were partly carried out within REAKT with funding from the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007–2013] under Grant Agreement No. 282862. We thank Carlo Cauzzi, Yannik Behr, Dino Bindi and Maren Boese for their advice and comments on preparing the manuscript. Two anonymous reviewers provided thoughtful comments that improved the manuscript. A major issue facing core developments and coordination of EEW groups in Europe is the issue of short duration centralised funding from the European Commission (EC). REAKT has built on SAFER and other 3–4 year EC-funded projects that have had some focus on EEW, but following each cycle there are some years without funding. Now that REAKT has concluded, at the European level the EPOS IP project will build an EEW testing framework coordinated by the University of Naples, though currently no funding is available for coordinated scientific development.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia | |
| Seventh Framework Programme | 282862 |
| European Commission | |
| Seventh Framework Programme |
Keywords
- Earthquake early warning
- Seismic networks
