Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)

Tuncay Taymaz; Athanassios Ganas; Seda Yolsal-Çevikbilen; Felipe Vera; Tuna Eken; Ceyhun Erman; Derya Keleş; Vasilis Kapetanidis; Sotirios Valkaniotis; Ilektra Karasante; Varvara Tsironi; Peter Gaebler; Diego Melgar; Taylan Öcalan

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745

Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)

Tuncay Taymaz^*, Athanassios Ganas, Seda Yolsal-Çevikbilen, Felipe Vera, Tuna Eken, Ceyhun Erman, Derya Keleş, Vasilis Kapetanidis, Sotirios Valkaniotis, Ilektra Karasante, Varvara Tsironi, Peter Gaebler, Diego Melgar, Taylan Öcalan

^*Corresponding author for this work

Department of Geophysical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

68 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Here, we present the source mechanism and rupture process for the destructive 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice earthquake at the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ, Turkey), obtained from seismological waveform analysis and space geodetic observations. Multi-data analyses and modelling in the present study provide fundamental data and strong constraints for retrieving complex source mechanism of an earthquake and its spatiotemporal slip characteristics along the ruptured segment of fault. The acquired slip model of this earthquake reveals heterogeneous slip distribution along strike N244°E of the fault plane dipping NW (68°) with duration of the source time function (STF) and low stress drop value (Δσ) of ~25 s and ~6 bars, respectively. Back-projection analysis validates fault length (L) stretching along strike for a distance of ~75 km and supports predominant south-westerly bilateral rupture propagation with a variable rupture velocity (Vr) of ~2.3–3.4 km/s along with two main patches, presumably a sequence of two asperities being ruptured following the surface trace of the EAFZ. The distribution of aftershocks based on the analysis of two months long data consistently confirms spreading of seismicity along the ruptured fault. The evaluation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data reveals that left-lateral co-seismic slip and significant deformation extends for ~20 km on either side of the fault with evident post-seismic displacement. Yet, no significant vertical offsets were observed as GNSS stations detected only horizontal motions. Coda-wave analysis as an independent tool also confirms moment magnitude of Mw 6.7. Our results highlight a case of a damaging earthquake and enhance our understanding of earthquake mechanics, continental deformation and augmented earthquake risk on the EAFZ.

Original language	English
Article number	228745
Journal	Tectonophysics
Volume	804
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745
Publication status	Published - 5 Apr 2021

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Funding

We are grateful to Istanbul Technical University Research Fund, the National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) in the framework for Young Scientist Award Program (TUBA-GEBIP), The Science Academy Chamber–Turkey (BAGEP) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellowship Award for financial support and for further providing computing facilities and other relevant computational resources through Humboldt-Stiftung Follow-Up Programme. We have further benefited from fruitful discussions with Tamer Y. Duman and Ömer Emre for interpretation of seismotectonic and neotectonic features observed and Oguz C. Celik for structural damages reported in the catastrophic area. We thank Dr. Cengiz Erdem of The General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey (MTA) for providing a complimentary copy of ATLAS of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) by Herece (2008) . We are grateful to the Editor Gregory Houseman and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments, constructive advice, suggestions and judicial reviews that resulted in considerable improvement of this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge permission to use GNSS data from the Turkish National Permanent GNSS/RTK Network (TUSAGA-Aktif/CORS-TR administrated by General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre-TKGM and General Directorate of Mapping-HGM, Ankara, Turkey). We appreciate the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey (AFAD) belatedly providing strong-motion data and initial catalogue of aftershocks and phase-arrival data acquired from their bulletin resources for the period 24 January 2020?24 March 2020 and digital waveform recordings of strong motion stations. We appreciate BU-KOERI for delivering conventional earthquake catalogue of Turkey to present background seismicity between 1992 and 2020 and providing digital waveform recordings of weak and strong motion stations. The European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) and IRIS Data Management Centre were used for access to waveforms. We also thank the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) for making Hi-net data available. NIED/Hi-net data was obtained with the HinetPy Python package (Tian 2020). We used ObsPy to process the seismic data (Beyreuther et al. 2010) and Matplotlib (Hunter 2007) to produce some of the figures. Teleseismic body waveform data used are from the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) and the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) stations and archived at the IRIS-DMC, http://ds.iris.edu/wilber3. The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT; Wessel and Smith 1998) and SAC2000 software packages (Goldstein et al. 2003; Goldstein and Snoke 2005) were used for the preparation of the figures and for processing conventional earthquake data, respectively. We appreciate Dr. Yuji Yagi's generous permission to use the kinematic finite fault slip inversion code to analyze rupture history and slip distribution models. We thank ESA, Geohazards Lab and Terradue for providing access to Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP? https://geohazards-tep.eu) for InSAR cloud processing. Athanassios Ganas and Vasilis Kapetanidis thank ?HELPOS ? Hellenic Plate Observing System? (MIS 5002697) which is funded by the Operational Programme ?Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation? (NSRF 2014-2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund). Felipe Vera was funded by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) Scholarship Program, Doctorado Becas Chile (2017-72180166). We are grateful to Istanbul Technical University Research Fund, the National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) in the framework for Young Scientist Award Program (TUBA-GEBIP), The Science Academy Chamber?Turkey (BAGEP) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellowship Award for financial support and for further providing computing facilities and other relevant computational resources through Humboldt-Stiftung Follow-Up Programme. We have further benefited from fruitful discussions with Tamer Y. Duman and ?mer Emre for interpretation of seismotectonic and neotectonic features observed and Oguz C. Celik for structural damages reported in the catastrophic area. We thank Dr. Cengiz Erdem of The General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration of Turkey (MTA) for providing a complimentary copy of ATLAS of the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) by Herece (2008). We are grateful to the Editor Gregory Houseman and an anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments, constructive advice, suggestions and judicial reviews that resulted in considerable improvement of this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge permission to use GNSS data from the Turkish National Permanent GNSS/RTK Network (TUSAGA-Aktif/CORS-TR administrated by General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre-TKGM and General Directorate of Mapping-HGM, Ankara, Turkey). We appreciate the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey (AFAD) belatedly providing strong-motion data and initial catalogue of aftershocks and phase-arrival data acquired from their bulletin resources for the period 24 January 2020–24 March 2020 and digital waveform recordings of strong motion stations. We appreciate BU-KOERI for delivering conventional earthquake catalogue of Turkey to present background seismicity between 1992 and 2020 and providing digital waveform recordings of weak and strong motion stations. The European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) and IRIS Data Management Centre were used for access to waveforms. We also thank the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) for making Hi-net data available. NIED/Hi-net data was obtained with the HinetPy Python package (Tian 2020). We used ObsPy to process the seismic data (Beyreuther et al. 2010) and Matplotlib (Hunter 2007) to produce some of the figures. Teleseismic body waveform data used are from the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) and the Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) stations and archived at the IRIS-DMC, http://ds.iris.edu/wilber3 . The Generic Mapping Tools (GMT; Wessel and Smith 1998) and SAC2000 software packages (Goldstein et al. 2003; Goldstein and Snoke 2005) were used for the preparation of the figures and for processing conventional earthquake data, respectively. We appreciate Dr. Yuji Yagi's generous permission to use the kinematic finite fault slip inversion code to analyze rupture history and slip distribution models. We thank ESA, Geohazards Lab and Terradue for providing access to Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP– https://geohazards-tep.eu ) for InSAR cloud processing. Athanassios Ganas and Vasilis Kapetanidis thank “HELPOS – Hellenic Plate Observing System” (MIS 5002697) which is funded by the Operational Programme “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014-2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund). Felipe Vera was funded by the National Agency for Research and Development (ANID) Scholarship Program, Doctorado Becas Chile (2017-72180166).

Funders	Funder number
ANID	2017-72180166
FDSN
General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre-TKGM
Global Digital Seismograph Network
International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks
National Agency for Research and Development
National Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey
Science Academy Chamber
TUBA
TUBA-GEBIP
TUBITAK
The Science Academy Chamber?Turkey
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
European Commission
European Space Agency	MIS 5002697
Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi
National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
European Regional Development Fund

Keywords

Active tectonics
Continental strike-slip faulting
Earthquake source parameters
East Anatolian Fault Zone
Slip history
Space geodesy

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Taymaz, T., Ganas, A., Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S., Vera, F., Eken, T., Erman, C., Keleş, D., Kapetanidis, V., Valkaniotis, S., Karasante, I., Tsironi, V., Gaebler, P., Melgar, D., & Öcalan, T. (2021). Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey). Tectonophysics, 804, Article 228745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745

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title = "Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)",

abstract = "Here, we present the source mechanism and rupture process for the destructive 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice earthquake at the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ, Turkey), obtained from seismological waveform analysis and space geodetic observations. Multi-data analyses and modelling in the present study provide fundamental data and strong constraints for retrieving complex source mechanism of an earthquake and its spatiotemporal slip characteristics along the ruptured segment of fault. The acquired slip model of this earthquake reveals heterogeneous slip distribution along strike N244°E of the fault plane dipping NW (68°) with duration of the source time function (STF) and low stress drop value (Δσ) of ~25 s and ~6 bars, respectively. Back-projection analysis validates fault length (L) stretching along strike for a distance of ~75 km and supports predominant south-westerly bilateral rupture propagation with a variable rupture velocity (Vr) of ~2.3–3.4 km/s along with two main patches, presumably a sequence of two asperities being ruptured following the surface trace of the EAFZ. The distribution of aftershocks based on the analysis of two months long data consistently confirms spreading of seismicity along the ruptured fault. The evaluation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data reveals that left-lateral co-seismic slip and significant deformation extends for ~20 km on either side of the fault with evident post-seismic displacement. Yet, no significant vertical offsets were observed as GNSS stations detected only horizontal motions. Coda-wave analysis as an independent tool also confirms moment magnitude of Mw 6.7. Our results highlight a case of a damaging earthquake and enhance our understanding of earthquake mechanics, continental deformation and augmented earthquake risk on the EAFZ.",

keywords = "Active tectonics, Continental strike-slip faulting, Earthquake source parameters, East Anatolian Fault Zone, Slip history, Space geodesy",

author = "Tuncay Taymaz and Athanassios Ganas and Seda Yolsal-{\c C}evikbilen and Felipe Vera and Tuna Eken and Ceyhun Erman and Derya Kele{\c s} and Vasilis Kapetanidis and Sotirios Valkaniotis and Ilektra Karasante and Varvara Tsironi and Peter Gaebler and Diego Melgar and Taylan {\"O}calan",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2021",

month = apr,

day = "5",

doi = "10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745",

language = "English",

volume = "804",

journal = "Tectonophysics",

issn = "0040-1951",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

Taymaz, T, Ganas, A, Yolsal-Çevikbilen, S, Vera, F, Eken, T , Erman, C , Keleş, D, Kapetanidis, V, Valkaniotis, S, Karasante, I, Tsironi, V, Gaebler, P, Melgar, D & Öcalan, T 2021, 'Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)', Tectonophysics, vol. 804, 228745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745

Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey). / Taymaz, Tuncay; Ganas, Athanassios; Yolsal-Çevikbilen, Seda et al.
In: Tectonophysics, Vol. 804, 228745, 05.04.2021.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)

AU - Taymaz, Tuncay

AU - Ganas, Athanassios

AU - Yolsal-Çevikbilen, Seda

AU - Vera, Felipe

AU - Eken, Tuna

AU - Erman, Ceyhun

AU - Keleş, Derya

AU - Kapetanidis, Vasilis

AU - Valkaniotis, Sotirios

AU - Karasante, Ilektra

AU - Tsironi, Varvara

AU - Gaebler, Peter

AU - Melgar, Diego

AU - Öcalan, Taylan

PY - 2021/4/5

Y1 - 2021/4/5

N2 - Here, we present the source mechanism and rupture process for the destructive 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice earthquake at the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ, Turkey), obtained from seismological waveform analysis and space geodetic observations. Multi-data analyses and modelling in the present study provide fundamental data and strong constraints for retrieving complex source mechanism of an earthquake and its spatiotemporal slip characteristics along the ruptured segment of fault. The acquired slip model of this earthquake reveals heterogeneous slip distribution along strike N244°E of the fault plane dipping NW (68°) with duration of the source time function (STF) and low stress drop value (Δσ) of ~25 s and ~6 bars, respectively. Back-projection analysis validates fault length (L) stretching along strike for a distance of ~75 km and supports predominant south-westerly bilateral rupture propagation with a variable rupture velocity (Vr) of ~2.3–3.4 km/s along with two main patches, presumably a sequence of two asperities being ruptured following the surface trace of the EAFZ. The distribution of aftershocks based on the analysis of two months long data consistently confirms spreading of seismicity along the ruptured fault. The evaluation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data reveals that left-lateral co-seismic slip and significant deformation extends for ~20 km on either side of the fault with evident post-seismic displacement. Yet, no significant vertical offsets were observed as GNSS stations detected only horizontal motions. Coda-wave analysis as an independent tool also confirms moment magnitude of Mw 6.7. Our results highlight a case of a damaging earthquake and enhance our understanding of earthquake mechanics, continental deformation and augmented earthquake risk on the EAFZ.

AB - Here, we present the source mechanism and rupture process for the destructive 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice earthquake at the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ, Turkey), obtained from seismological waveform analysis and space geodetic observations. Multi-data analyses and modelling in the present study provide fundamental data and strong constraints for retrieving complex source mechanism of an earthquake and its spatiotemporal slip characteristics along the ruptured segment of fault. The acquired slip model of this earthquake reveals heterogeneous slip distribution along strike N244°E of the fault plane dipping NW (68°) with duration of the source time function (STF) and low stress drop value (Δσ) of ~25 s and ~6 bars, respectively. Back-projection analysis validates fault length (L) stretching along strike for a distance of ~75 km and supports predominant south-westerly bilateral rupture propagation with a variable rupture velocity (Vr) of ~2.3–3.4 km/s along with two main patches, presumably a sequence of two asperities being ruptured following the surface trace of the EAFZ. The distribution of aftershocks based on the analysis of two months long data consistently confirms spreading of seismicity along the ruptured fault. The evaluation of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data reveals that left-lateral co-seismic slip and significant deformation extends for ~20 km on either side of the fault with evident post-seismic displacement. Yet, no significant vertical offsets were observed as GNSS stations detected only horizontal motions. Coda-wave analysis as an independent tool also confirms moment magnitude of Mw 6.7. Our results highlight a case of a damaging earthquake and enhance our understanding of earthquake mechanics, continental deformation and augmented earthquake risk on the EAFZ.

KW - Active tectonics

KW - Continental strike-slip faulting

KW - Earthquake source parameters

KW - East Anatolian Fault Zone

KW - Slip history

KW - Space geodesy

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101654221&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745

DO - 10.1016/j.tecto.2021.228745

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85101654221

SN - 0040-1951

VL - 804

JO - Tectonophysics

JF - Tectonophysics

M1 - 228745

ER -

Source Mechanism and Rupture Process of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.7 Doğanyol–Sivrice Earthquake obtained from Seismological Waveform Analysis and Space Geodetic Observations on the East Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey)

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UN SDGs

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