Abstract
This study investigates the seismic demands due to the catastrophic 1999 Mw = 7.4 Kocaeli and the Mw = 7.1 Duzce earthquakes. The inelastic response spectra for the Kocaeli and Duzce earthquakes are investigated for systems with known strength and ductility. An analytical fiber element model is developed for a typical reinforced concrete building in Turkey. The interstory drifts are calculated from nonlinear dynamic analysis using 26 recorded strong-motion data from the 1999 Kocaeli and the Duzce earthquakes. In the dynamic analysis, the structural members are modeled by employing distributed plasticity fiber elements and both geometrical as well as material nonlinearities are taken into account. This study shows that the ductility and interstory drift demands due to the Kocaeli and the Duzce earthquakes were very severe (well above the code prescribed values) even for moderately inelastic structures. It is apparent from the results that the forward directivity effect is the most influential factor on the interstory drift demand. Both the distance to the fault rupture and the site conditions affect seismic demands, but the site conditions and the local topography are more influential than the distance from the fault rupture. This study shows that substantial damage should be expected in a future earthquake at all districts of Istanbul, but especially at Avcilar, Cekmece, Fatih, Bakirkoy and the Zeytinburnu districts. It is also shown that base isolation may substantially improve the performance of a structure in the inelastic domain and base isolated structures may be designed for lower minimum lateral strengths and higher strength reduction factors.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1101-1117 |
| Number of pages | 17 |
| Journal | Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering |
| Volume | 27 |
| Issue number | 12 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2007 |
Funding
Professor Julian Bommer from Imperial College has made substantial contributions to the paper. Not only he iteratively reviewed the manuscript but he also brought the paper to its current standards by constructive comments. We wish to thank him very much for the time and courtesy he has extended. The authors would also like to thank to Dr. David Boore from United States Geological Survey for his valuable comments and suggestions and especially for his help in modeling noise in digital accelerographs. Special thanks are due to Rana Kandemir Architecture for sharing their databases from field surveys carried out for BIMTAS and the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. The first author's post-graduate students Emre Deniz and Inanc Gulfidan participated in the majority of field missions in Fatih and have provided considerable amount of data and photos. This is also acknowledged. We thank to Assist. Prof. Dr. Gulum Birgoren and Dr. Mine Betul Demircioglu from Kandilli Observatory of Bosphorus University for providing the majority of the raw data of the Duzce earthquake used in this study. The first author was a Post-Doctoral fellow in Katholieke Universiteit Leuven between 2003 and 2006 during which this study was performed. Her research was sponsored by the National Fund for Scientific Research (FWO-Flanders), Belgium.
| Funders | Funder number |
|---|---|
| FWO-Flanders | |
| Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS |
Keywords
- Base isolation
- Butterworth filters
- Earthquake
- Earthquake damage estimation
- Inelastic response spectra
- Nonlinear dynamic analysis
- Nonlinear response history
- Seismic vulnerability
- Strong-motion accelerograms
