Risk Factors Preventing Ships from Effective Vessel Traffic Services Reporting

This study aims to identify deficiencies in SP1, SP2, sector zone transit reporting, and emergency reporting within the VTS reporting of ships in the Turkish Straits, uncover the risk factors hindering effective VTS reporting, and propose strategic solutions to improve system efficiency. Methodology: Errors and omissions in SP1, SP2, sector passage, and emergency reporting—stemming from knowledge and experience gaps—were analyzed using the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method. Nine experts assessed the failure modes, which were categorized based on risk levels: very high, high, and medium. Findings: As a result of FMEA analysis, 5 failure types were determined as very high risk, 6 failure types as high risk and 5 failure types as medium risk. In particular, it was determined that 42.7% of emergency reporting had a very high risk factor. It was determined that these risks were caused by reasons such as lack of situation awareness, lack of knowledge and experience and commercial pressures. In order to improve the reporting processes, training programmes should be developed to increase the level of knowledge of masters, officers, agents and ship operators on the Turkish Straits Maritime Traffic Regulation (TBDTDY) and reporting procedures. In order to overcome communication deficiencies, it is suggested that Standard Maritime Communication Clauses (SMCP) communication patterns should be revised according to the VTS requirements. In addition, it is envisaged that pilot and tug escort should be obligatory for the transit of risky vessels and deterrent administrative sanctions should be imposed on ship operators who violate the reporting procedures. Conclusion: This study offers practical strategic solutions to improve VTS reporting systems in the Turkish Straits, aiming to elevate maritime safety standards and operational efficiency.