Raise boring machines – A comprehensive review of performance prediction and operational challenges

Raise Boring Machines (RBMs) are mechanical miners that are preferred over conventional drilling and blasting methods for drilling / excavating vertical or inclined shafts in mining and construction projects. The use of RBMs not only reduces overall operational costs but also increases profitability. This review paper aims to present empirical, deterministic, and numerical models that are used to predict operational and performance parameters of RBMs. The paper also highlights the major challenges faced during raise boring operations and offers recommendations for addressing them. Lastly, the paper discusses important trends in the design of tricone bits and reamerhead cutters for RBMs.