Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) modified cellulose nanocrystals and their PBAT-based nanocomposites

Onur N. Arslan; Dilara Güntürkün; Yonca Alkan Göksu; Aylin Altınbay; H. Özgür Özer; Mohammadreza Nofar

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126851

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) modified cellulose nanocrystals and their PBAT-based nanocomposites

Onur N. Arslan, Dilara Güntürkün, Yonca Alkan Göksu, Aylin Altınbay, H. Özgür Özer, Mohammadreza Nofar^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Melt processing of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) reinforced nanocomposites is still a serious challenge due to the hydrophilic nature of CNCs and their severe agglomeration tendency within the polymer melt. In this study, chemical modification of CNC through grafting poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) with various degrees was implemented. Wettability of the modified CNCs (mCNCs) were controlled and their structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanocomposites of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with 3 wt% CNC and mCNC were prepared using an internal melt mixer. To differentiate the effects of CNC and PGMA molecules on the final properties of nanocomposites, PBAT/PGMA compounds were separately prepared. To confirm the chain characterization and molecular weight of the synthesized PGMAs, ¹H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis were conducted. Melt rheological analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), DSC, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor the mCNC dispersion quality and the effect of PGMA modification in PBAT compounds. The results revealed that grafting CNC with longer PGMA considerably improved the CNCs' dispersion quality within PBAT. Such dispersion enhancement of long-chain mCNCs and interfacial interaction of PGMA and PBAT resulted in a noticeable increase in storage modulus and complex viscosity of the final nanocomposites.

Original language	English
Article number	126851
Journal	International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
Volume	253
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126851
Publication status	Published - 31 Dec 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Funding

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports by the Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Project (ITU-BAP) with the project number of 43333 . The authors also acknowledge the supports by Science Academy - Young Scientist Award Program ( BAGEP ) in Turkey. We would also like to sincerely thank Burcu Özdemir for her efforts in sample characterization and rheological analysis. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports by the Istanbul Technical University Scientific Research Project (ITU-BAP) with the project number of 43333. The authors also acknowledge the supports by Science Academy - Young Scientist Award Program (BAGEP) in Turkey. We would also like to sincerely thank Burcu Özdemir for her efforts in sample characterization and rheological analysis.

Funders	Funder number
Istanbul Teknik Üniversitesi
Bilim Akademisi
Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi	43333

Keywords

Cellulose nanocrystals
PBAT
PGMA
Rheology
Surface modification

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10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126851

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title = "Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) modified cellulose nanocrystals and their PBAT-based nanocomposites",

abstract = "Melt processing of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) reinforced nanocomposites is still a serious challenge due to the hydrophilic nature of CNCs and their severe agglomeration tendency within the polymer melt. In this study, chemical modification of CNC through grafting poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) with various degrees was implemented. Wettability of the modified CNCs (mCNCs) were controlled and their structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanocomposites of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with 3 wt% CNC and mCNC were prepared using an internal melt mixer. To differentiate the effects of CNC and PGMA molecules on the final properties of nanocomposites, PBAT/PGMA compounds were separately prepared. To confirm the chain characterization and molecular weight of the synthesized PGMAs, 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis were conducted. Melt rheological analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), DSC, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor the mCNC dispersion quality and the effect of PGMA modification in PBAT compounds. The results revealed that grafting CNC with longer PGMA considerably improved the CNCs' dispersion quality within PBAT. Such dispersion enhancement of long-chain mCNCs and interfacial interaction of PGMA and PBAT resulted in a noticeable increase in storage modulus and complex viscosity of the final nanocomposites.",

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year = "2023",

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day = "31",

doi = "10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126851",

language = "English",

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T1 - Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) modified cellulose nanocrystals and their PBAT-based nanocomposites

AU - Arslan, Onur N.

AU - Güntürkün, Dilara

AU - Göksu, Yonca Alkan

AU - Altınbay, Aylin

AU - Özer, H. Özgür

AU - Nofar, Mohammadreza

PY - 2023/12/31

Y1 - 2023/12/31

N2 - Melt processing of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) reinforced nanocomposites is still a serious challenge due to the hydrophilic nature of CNCs and their severe agglomeration tendency within the polymer melt. In this study, chemical modification of CNC through grafting poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) with various degrees was implemented. Wettability of the modified CNCs (mCNCs) were controlled and their structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanocomposites of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with 3 wt% CNC and mCNC were prepared using an internal melt mixer. To differentiate the effects of CNC and PGMA molecules on the final properties of nanocomposites, PBAT/PGMA compounds were separately prepared. To confirm the chain characterization and molecular weight of the synthesized PGMAs, 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis were conducted. Melt rheological analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), DSC, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor the mCNC dispersion quality and the effect of PGMA modification in PBAT compounds. The results revealed that grafting CNC with longer PGMA considerably improved the CNCs' dispersion quality within PBAT. Such dispersion enhancement of long-chain mCNCs and interfacial interaction of PGMA and PBAT resulted in a noticeable increase in storage modulus and complex viscosity of the final nanocomposites.

AB - Melt processing of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) reinforced nanocomposites is still a serious challenge due to the hydrophilic nature of CNCs and their severe agglomeration tendency within the polymer melt. In this study, chemical modification of CNC through grafting poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) with various degrees was implemented. Wettability of the modified CNCs (mCNCs) were controlled and their structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanocomposites of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) with 3 wt% CNC and mCNC were prepared using an internal melt mixer. To differentiate the effects of CNC and PGMA molecules on the final properties of nanocomposites, PBAT/PGMA compounds were separately prepared. To confirm the chain characterization and molecular weight of the synthesized PGMAs, 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis were conducted. Melt rheological analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), DSC, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to monitor the mCNC dispersion quality and the effect of PGMA modification in PBAT compounds. The results revealed that grafting CNC with longer PGMA considerably improved the CNCs' dispersion quality within PBAT. Such dispersion enhancement of long-chain mCNCs and interfacial interaction of PGMA and PBAT resulted in a noticeable increase in storage modulus and complex viscosity of the final nanocomposites.

KW - Cellulose nanocrystals

KW - PBAT

KW - PGMA

KW - Rheology

KW - Surface modification

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DO - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126851

M3 - Article

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SN - 0141-8130

VL - 253

JO - International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

JF - International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

M1 - 126851

ER -

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) modified cellulose nanocrystals and their PBAT-based nanocomposites

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Funding

Keywords

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